Descartes Dualism And The Mind Body Theory - 1322 Words

Descartes’ Dualism Rene Descartes dualism states that the mind and body are separate entities. The mind is a nonphysical, non-spatial substance; the mind and brain are separate existences, the brain is a part of the physical body and serves as a connection between the body and mind. Dualism is a hot topic of argument on whether the theory holds any validity or if it holds any truth. However, Cartesian dualism is a credible theory and has a lot of support to verify it. One major point in Descartes mind-body theory is the substance dualism, for Descartes, â€Å"had at least two different conceptions of substance. one is a conception of substance as a subject of properties; the other is a conception of substance as an independent entity†, (Journal†¦show more content†¦43, no. 1, 2005, pg. 117) This makes way for many to debate whether Descartes is a reliable source for knowledge or not, since he was not an intentional philosopher, can any theory of his be truly reliable. Also, his theory is difficult to prove since the mind is a non-tangible being and not measurable by any worldly standards. Philosophers, peers, and readers alike tend to misinterpret Descartes’ arguments are from doubt or imagination, when in fact his arguments come from precise understanding in what can and cannot be doubted. A well-known saying of Descartes’, â€Å"I think, therefore I am.†, stating that since he thinks, therefore he must exist. That fact within itself is undoubtable, if one can think, how can they not truly exist. He can doubt everything within the physical world, but he could not doubt the fact that he thinks. Physical objects that take up space are made up of matter called res extensa, the non-physical such as thoughts and ideas are made up of res cognita. The body is visible and changeable, while the mind is invisible, whole, and unchangeable. The mind and body may coexist but since one is doubtable and changeable, while the other is undoubtable and unchangeable they have different properties, and objects with different properties must be separate in existence. The mind-body theory brings to light the argument of the soul, and afterlife. The soul can be compared to that of the mind. It is separate from the body, cannotShow MoreRelatedIs Dualism Best? The Nature Of Consciousness? Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesStudent ID Number: 00180694 November 2rd, 2016 Philosophy 101: Introduction to Philosophy Professor Bayne Dualism Best Explains the Nature of Consciousness The three theories we have discussed so far are the dualism theory of Plato and Descartes, the Aristotelian theory, and the Physicalism (identity) theory of Place and Strong. The identity of consciousness means that if you have the same consciousness, you are the same person, and if not conscience, you are not the same person. The thing thatRead MoreFor Years, Philosophers Have Debated The Mind-Body Problem,1195 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophers have debated the mind-body problem, the issue of what mental phenomena are and how they relate to the physical world. Philosopher Descartes believed in substance dualism, the belief that the mind and the body are two different things. In this essay, I will examine Descartes’ substance dualism theory. First, I will review Descartes’s theory and reasons that support it. Then, I will review objections with Descartes’s argument. After that, I will imagine how Descartes would respond to these objectionsRead MoreThe Theory Of The Mind Body Dualism1232 Words   |  5 PagesRenà © Descartes was a French mathematician, scientist, and philosopher of the 16th Century, who, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, â€Å"was one of the first to abandon scholastic Aristotelianism and created the first version of the modern mind-body dualism or emotion† (Encyclopedia Britannica). Born on March 31, 1596, he was dubbed as the Father of Modern Philosophy. His theory on the mind-body dualism, also known as Cartesian Dualism, created a stem of the modern problem of the relationship betweenRead MoreThe Mind / Brain Identity Theory1718 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences. The former is associated with one having a (non-physical) mind, which contains beliefs, desires, feelings and so on, while the latter involves having a (physical) brain. The Mind/Body problem questions whether the mind and brain are the same or different objects. For a long time, the interpretation of these experiences has been much debated b y philosophers and scientists. One influential interpretation is Descartes’s Dualism of substances, which became one of the most lasting legacies in hisRead MoreRenà © Descartes and Thomas Hobbes Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the sixteen hundreds, the French philosopher Renà © Descartes laid the foundations for the beginnings of Cartesian Dualism. In contrast, the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes argued against dualism in favor of materialism. Recently, Cartesian Dualism, and dualism in general has fallen out of favor as materialism arose as a more plausible and explanatory theory regarding the interrelationships between body and mind. The translation Descartes’ writing in the Meditations is far more cryptic than Hobbes’Read MoreEssay about Descartes Theory of Substance Dualism791 Words   |  4 PagesDescartes Theory of Substance Dualism Throughout the history of man, philosophers have tried to come up with an explanation of where our minds, or consciousness, came from and how we are able to have a nonphysical characteristic of ourselves. Does our physical brain automatically give us nonphysical characteristics like feelings, thoughts, and desires or is there something else there, the mind, that interacts with our bodies and makes us feel, think, and desire? Also, is the mind theRead MoreThe Mind-Body Problem Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mind-Body Problem The mind-body problem, which is still debated even today, raises the question about the relationship between the mind and the body. Theorists, such as Renà © Descartes and Thomas Nagel, have written extensively on the problem but they have many dissenting beliefs. Descartes, a dualist, contends that the mind and body are two different substances that can exist separately. Conversely, Nagel, a dual aspect theorist, contends that the mind and body are not substances but differentRead MoreCartesian Dualism And Transhumanism : Theories Within Their Time Contexts1510 Words   |  7 PagesCartesian dualism and transhumanism are both controversial theories within their time contexts. Leahey (2004) describes Descartes dualism as the separation of the body and the soul. The soul is immaterial and is the location for thought, consciousness, and the Cartesian Theatre, and controls the actions of the material body. Transhumanism theorises that technology will enhance and supersede human evolut ion (Elkins 2011,) as technology will become an extension of ourselves, or already is. I will exploreRead MoreThe Problem Of Separation And Dualism1399 Words   |  6 Pagesdebates is the ‘mind-body problem’; this name suggests a problem of separation and dualism. Dualism shall be claimed, it is an intuitive position; it offers an explanation of the mind and body in terms of substances (Descartes, 1641) or properties (Strawson, 1959), in which the mind is somehow considered as a non-physical thing, thus separated from the physical world. In contrast, a rival view is that there are only physical things, hence there is no separation between mind and body as suggested byRead MoreThe Problem Of Separation And Dualism1399 Words   |  6 Pagesdebates is the ‘mind-body problem’; this name suggests a problem of separation and dualism. Dualism shall be claimed, it is an intuitive position; it offers an explanation of the mind and body in terms of substances (Desc artes, 1641) or properties (Strawson, 1959), in which the mind is somehow considered as a non-physical thing, thus separated from the physical world. In contrast, a rival view is that there are only physical things, hence there is no separation between mind and body as suggested by

A Visit At The Beaverton High School Library Essay

Just two short weeks before Christmas, my mom was driving me home from a lacrosse meeting at the Beaverton High School library. During the meeting, she had to step outside to take a phone call. I had thought nothing of it and just assumed she was being polite to the others in the meeting. The head coach walked up to me and told me he had high expectations for me this season as a varsity starter in my sophomore year. I was excitedly nervous for the upcoming season and could not wait to get to work. It was a chilly December night and I recall my mom had been unusually quiet on that drive home. We always listened to local radio stations on car rides to provide some background noise, but this car ride was different. The radio was off and the windows were up, the car was quieter than an empty school gym on a Saturday. I could tell something was wrong. â€Å"What s wrong mom? Everything okay?† I asked. She looked over at me, the smell of donuts infiltrated my nose as we drove past s esame donuts, tears began to roll down her face as she said that the doctor had called her back and the results from her appointment had come in. â€Å"The doctors just diagnosed me with Pancreatitis and told me that if I don t quit drinking, I’m going to die in two weeks†. My jaw dropped in disbelief, my mind went blank. I couldn t think of a single word to say, let alone a sentence. The shock going through my body felt like I had been struck by lightning, I was left paralysed. The car ride home was silentShow MoreRelatedNike Innovation7976 Words   |  32 Pagesinnovation to every athlete* in the world. *If you have a body, you are an athlete. ------------------------------------------------- I. The Business of the Company Nike (NYSE: NKE) makes high performance athletic clothing, footwear, sportswear, and equipment. The company is headquartered in Beaverton, OR, and employs more than 30,000 people. Nike is the most recognized and coveted sports brand in the world, valued at $10.7 Billion. (Nike, Inc., n.d.) As their Mission Statement indicates,Read MoreNike Report13324 Words   |  54 Pagesbe the Industry’s leader through many strong acquisitions over the years. In April of 2002, Nike acquired Hurley International, action sports apparel distributor and in 2003, it acquired one of its competitors, Converse. Headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon, Nike currently operates in more than 160 countries, employing more than 30,000 individuals around the world. Nike’s is diversity and inclusion. Nike believes that â€Å"diversity helps drive success†. Nike’s current VP of Global DiversityRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmanufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge

Developing Marketing for Managers

Question: Discuss about the Developing Marketing for Managers. Answer: Introduction The current report revolves around a non-profit organizations campaign of reaching the wide audience through social media and the marketing strategies. It is necessary for both government and non-profit organizations to develop marketing strategies based on the current needs and demands of the market or the society they work for. Many non-profit organizations are observed to be struggling with the concept of marketing themselves as well as their mission. The strategies of such organizations are seem to be sales-centric and fueled by money. When it comes to non-profit marketing plan, it needs to be like a pyramid. For example, for each goal, there should be objectives as well as each objective includes strategies; likewise, each strategy has some tactics. Thus, the success of these strategies relies on the implementation. In order to understand the implementation of the marketing strategies of non-profit organization, the Salvation Army, Australia, has been selected as the case study. The Salvation Army develops this new campaign called When there is life, there is hope with the help of the social media marketing strategies. Background of the organization It is that The Salvation Army is known as the Worlds largest Christian Welfare organizations. The firm is running its operation with more than 1650,000 members working in more than 127 nations (The Salvation Army, 2017). More specially, the firm is running the operation for several long years. The firm is running the operation in Australia for over 130 years. Presently, the organization has more than 8500 active officers as well as stuff providing in excess of 1000 particularly developed social events across Australia. In addition, it is learn that The Salvation Army provides people with tremendous help in Australia. The firm provides 100,000 meals for the people who are hungry and homeless (The Salvation Army, 2017). Moreover, more than 500 receive help from this non-profit organization every year. Importance of such organization for the well-being of the society As put forward by Iltis (2014), several non-profits organizations are become innocuous existing in their own isolated corner of the economy. Such non-profit organizations do not damage the economy but they do not carry it as well. Non-profits organizations serve one distinct purpose- increasing the growth of the nation. However, while focusing on the real scenario, it is learnt that non-profits organizations do a lot. As stated by Butler and Wilson (2015), while the non-profit organizations are permitted to generate surplus revenue and these revenue should be retained by the firms for their self-preservations, expansion and the plans. Hence, Dimitrios, Sakas and Vlachos (2013) also commented that non-profit organizations are considered as those firms that are known as the non-governmental entities fitting under the state law as charitable not for profit organization. The organizations are established to serve some sort of public service mission. Non-profit organizations are formed be cause of a need to help others, to form a safe environment and to become the active part of the modern society. In this context, commented that non-profits firms are developed to fulfill the public needs (Austin Gaither, 2016). SWOT analysis Strength v Gaining advertisement exposure that usually would not have been easy v The strength of the firm as the foundation is anchored on the expertise as well as robust experience that its funding directors are bringing to the table. It is also observed that beyond the expertise of the employees working at The Salvation Army go beyond their skills and their knowledge and their network is a major strength for the foundation. v In addition, the funding director of Salvation Army could boast of a close relationship with an agency in America as the person has served as adviser to Australia. With its rich network base, increase of fund may not be difficult than usually it is and the fact that the agency work with the shareholders. Weakness v The weakness is just like the weakness of most large non-profit organizations- the ability to attract the efficient hand in the sector to help the employees to get the best position. It is true that compared to non-profit organizations find it difficult to remain in the competition with the corporative organizations at the time of th recruitment and selection. v This simply happens, as the firm is not able to match up with the wages that is generally offered by these corporate organizations. It is also observed that most of the non-profit organizations find it difficult to attract, pay and keep the expertise in the grip. Likewise, it happens to Salvation Army as well. Due to the lack of budget, the agency finds it difficult to pay the wages of the workers. Opportunities v The opportunities before the agency as the foundation working towards empowering youths as well as helping the nation in the society are unlimited. It is because of the cause people chose to pursue and the agency is supposed to get the support from the government as well as the key stakeholders. The agency observed several donor organizations that are willing to collaborate with the Salvation Army, once the firm presents our proposals to them. Threats v One of the major threats that the agency faces being the non-profit organizations is the fact of generating the necessary profits to accomplish its aims and objectives, recruiting and requiring key as well as competent employees. The major challenge the firm faces now and they will be facing in the coming future is the shortage of funds. Table 1: SWOT analysis (Source: Kapferer, 2012) Appropriate Target market The Salvation Army focuses on the international movement providing a quality service reflecting Christian values that support people with the disabilities and other terrible consequences. In order to implement this When there life, there is hope campaign, the organization could focus on the economically developed society of the nations to get the required fund for the same. The agency could communicate with the local people who are willing to donate for the wellbeing of society. The Australian society have improved their donation numbers with the improvement in their social conditions around 80.8% of the population donated $12.5 billion in 2015-16("Philanthropy Australia", 2017). In addition, the firm could focus on some large organizations that are willing pay for the development of society as their activities. In 2015-16, businesses donated $17.5 billion to charities and non-profits("Philanthropy Australia", 2017). Justification of selecting the target market It is evident that there is a change in the world population that might take place in every year. However, the world poverty and violence did not to any end (Fahy Jobber, 2012). Hardly any profit organization comes ahead and takes the initiative to help the needy people and the world knows this truth. So, the people in the developed community are expected to come to support the campaign. Therefore, it is necessary for the non-profit organizations to pay attention to such people and provide them with the necessary support and financial help. It is essential to form foster a strong relationship with each client. Likewise, it is also important to develop a viable service to meet the clients present and as well as future needs. The Behavior It is very important for the target audience of any organization to know who the organization is, what they do and what is the reason because of which they would like to engage with the organization. More audience engagement would ensure better promotion for the organization and its message, alongside guaranteeing augmented amounts of donations for its development. 4ps marketing Product- The agency needs to offer a sense of belonging to a developed charitable as well as reputable community. The theme When there is life, there is hope developed for the proposed campaign is effective enough and this could be the action of making new friends and offering opportunities to express customers internal as well as external feeling. The agency should develop a positive impact on the society. Thus, people could understand or build the hope that they will receive a genuine help (Butler Wilson, 2015). Price- The customers pay for the products with the monetary donations, donations of the products and the commitment along with the personal time (Butler Wilson, 2015). The Salvation Army did not demand the price of the products. Based on the type of customers, they ask for the help. Promotion- The non-profit agency needs to promote the products or the services by using a documentary particular on a homeless youth. In addition to this, the organization should collaborate with the local communities to collect information of how Salvation Army needs to be marked. They could position the distinguish buckets in a large shopping centre to develop their brand (Jones, Wyatt Daube, 2015). Place- The Salvation Army needs to distribute their products directly to their customers such as donors, volunteers, partners, members as well as public (Butler Wilson, 2015). For instance, they could give out the mailers to make them aware of upcoming volunteering events, volunteering opportunities at the time of Annual Christmas functions. The volunteers of the Salvation Army would be carrying out the pots to ask for the donation from the public. Attention grabbing message for the selected media The non-profit organization could select the social media for the spreading their message to the target market. The firm could develop a broad campaign aiming at the large population. In the campaign, they should convey the message of serving the community that need genuine help (Deshpande, 2016). Ase technique of educating people about the importance of helping the needy can be developed. For example, they could develop a video where they show a fighter in the war is helping an enemy, with water,which is severely wounded. This could increase the awareness of people about the fact that humans are dependent on each other irrespective of who they really are. Evaluating the effectiveness of the message This message would help people to understand there are millions of people in the society who require a proper help and support to live. Everyone has the right to live; thus, the developed society could sense it and come ahead to help. Thus, the above-mentioned message campaign carries a strong message regarding the support and help that society needs (Berman, 2015). Conclusion On the completion of the report, it can be added that non-profit organizations should come ahead and take initiatives to help the needy people. However, it is not easy to implement such responsibility, as it has to serve the whole nation. The shortage fund or the financial crisis is the major challenge that non-profit organization facing. In order to resolve such as issue, the agency should pay required attention to marketing for the promotion of service. Reference: Austin, L. L., Gaither, B. M. (2016). Examining Public Response to Corporate Social Initiative Types A Quantitative Content Analysis of Coca-Colas Social Media.Social Marketing Quarterly, 1524500416642441. Berman, E. (2015).Performance and productivity in public and nonprofit organizations. Routledge. Butler, R., Wilson, D. C. (2015).Managing voluntary and non-profit organizations: Strategy and structure. Routledge. Butler, R., Wilson, D. C. (2015).Managing voluntary and non-profit organizations: Strategy and structure. Routledge. Carlos Pinho, J., Paula Rodrigues, A., Dibb, S. (2014). The role of corporate culture, market orientation and organisational commitment in organisational performance: the case of non-profit organisations.Journal of Management Development,33(4), 374-398. Deshpande, S. (2016). Corporate Social Marketing: Harmonious Symphony or Cacophonous Noise?. Dimitrios, N. K., Sakas, D. P., Vlachos, D. S. (2013). Analysis of Strategic Leadership Simulation models in non-profit Organizations.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,73, 276-284. Fahy, J., Jobber, D. (2012).Foundations of marketing. McGraw-Hill Education. Felcio, J. A., Gonalves, H. M., da ConceioGonalves, V. (2013). Social value and organizational performance in non-profit social organizations: Social entrepreneurship, leadership, and socioeconomic context effects.Journal of Business Research,66(10), 2139-2146. Iltis, M. (2014). Marketing strategies of non-profit organizations.Czech Journal of Social Sciences, Business and Economics,3(3), 6-17. Jones, S. C., Wyatt, A., Daube, M. (2015). Smokescreens and Beer Goggles How Alcohol Industry CSM Protects the Industry.Social Marketing Quarterly, 1524500415621558. Kapferer, J. N. (2012). The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. Kogan page publishers. Lee, S. M., Olson, D. L., Trimi, S. (2012). Co-innovation: convergenomics, collaboration, and co-creation for organizational values.Management Decision,50(5), 817-831. Omar, A. T., Leach, D., March, J. (2014). Collaboration between nonprofit and business sectors: A framework to guide strategy development for nonprofit organizations.VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations,25(3), 657-678. Peck, H., Christopher, M., Clark, M., Payne, A. (2013).Relationship marketing. Taylor Francis. Philanthropy Australia(2017). Fast facts and statistics on giving in Australia Philanthropy.org.au. Retrieved 25 January 2017, from https://www.philanthropy.org.au/tools-resources/fast-facts-and-stats/ Shank, M. D., Lyberger, M. R. (2014).Sports marketing: A strategic perspective. Routledge. The Salvation Army. (2017).The Salvation Army. Retrieved 14 January 2017, from https://www.salvationarmy.org.au/ Weerawardena, J., Mort, G. S. (2012). Competitive strategy in socially entrepreneurial nonprofit organizations: Innovation and differentiation.Journal of Public Policy Marketing,31(1), 91-101. Wood, M. (2012). Marketing social marketing.Journal of Social Marketing,2(2), 94-102. Wright, G. H., Chew, C., Hines, A. (2012). The relevance and efficacy of marketing in public and non-profit service management.Public Management Review,14(4), 433-450.

Introductions Essay Example For Students

Introductions Essay The introduction is the first sentence of your essay and it plays the dual role of setting the theme of your essay and engaging the reader. The introduction should not be overly formal. You do not want an admissions officer to start reading your essay and think, here we go again. Although admissions officers will try to give the entire essay a fair reading, they are only human if you lose them after the first sentence, the rest of your essay will not get the attention it deserves. General TipsDont Say Too Much. Just tell the story! Your introduction should not be so complex and so lengthy that it loses the reader before they even start. You have the rest of the essay to say what you want. Theres no need to pack it all into the first sentence. This leads to the next tipDont Start Your Essay with a Summary. If you summarize, the admissions officer does not need to read the rest of your essay. You want to start your essay with something that makes the reader want to read until the very end. Once you have drawn the reader in through the first one to three sentences, the last sentence in your introductory paragraph should explain clearly and briefly what the point of the whole essay is. That is, why you are using this person, place, or thing. What does it say about you?Create Mystery or Intrigue in your Introduction. It is not necessary or recommended that your first sentence give away the subject matter. Raise questions in the minds of the admissions officers to f orce them to read on. Appeal to their senses and emotions to make them relate to your subject matter. Types of IntroductionsPlease select a link below for examples and descriptions of various introductions. Academic IntroductionCreative IntroductionAction IntroductionDialogue IntroductionOverarching Societal StatementsPersonal IntroductionQuestion IntroductionQuotation IntroductionNote: The below essays were not edited by EssayEdge Editors. They appear as they were initially reviewed by admissions officers. Academic Introduction:This is the type of introduction you would use for a standardized test or a history paper. A typical standard introduction answers one or more of the six basic questions: who, what, when, where, why, and how. It gives the reader an idea of what to expect. You should try to stay away from simply restating the question unless you are limited by a word count and need to get to the point quickly. Your basic academic introduction or thesis statement is best used as the follow-up sentence to one of the more creative introductions described below. Examples:One of the greatest challenges Ive had to overcome was moving from Iran to the United States. Iran was in deep political turmoil when I left, as it is today. EssayEdge Says: This introduction is clear and to the point, and will prepare your reader for the ideas you want to discuss. However, it is rather unexciting and will not immediately engage your reader. As mentioned, you should try to preface it with a more creative statement. In addition, it makes one typical error. One should usually avoid using contractions in a formal essay, for example, Ive. Through all of my accomplishments and disappointments, I have always been especially proud of the dedication and fervor I possess for my personal beliefs and values. EssayEdge Says: This is a very effective introduction to an essay about your personality. Mentioning pride is a good way to indicate how important your beliefs and values are to you. In a sentence like this, however, it would be better to use Throughout rather than Through. Throughout better expresses the widespread, expansive tone you want to give this sentence. .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654 , .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654 .postImageUrl , .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654 , .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654:hover , .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654:visited , .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654:active { border:0!important; } .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654:active , .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654 .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u31946fdf2621adae090caea58e9ca654:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Louis sullivan an american arc EssayBack to TopCreative Introduction:A creative introduction catches the reader off-guard with an opening statement that leaves the reader smiling or wondering what the rest of the essay contains. Examples:Imagine yourself a freshman in high school, beginning your independence. As the oldest child, I was the first to begin exploring the worlds of dating, extra-curricular clubs and upperclassmen. However, one afternoon my parents sat my two sisters and me down. They saidEssayEdge Says: The power of this introduction is that it places the reader in your shoes, making him or her more interested in what takes place in the rest

International Accounting and Financial Reporting

International accounting and financial reporting are the accounting standards which are based on accounting interpretations and the framework as they have been stipulated by the international accounting Standards Board which were formed in 1989.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Accounting and Financial Reporting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a business trend and technique that the financial report of a business enterprise should be prepared at the end of the financial period. The financial period in this case may be at the end of the year or the middle of the year. Whichever the case, the system adopted in making the financial report made is referred to as the Interim financial report system (IFRS) (IASB, 2009, p.405). This paper seeks to compare the non-accounting variables that might influence the disclosure and financial reporting regulations in developing and non-developing countries. Th e time at which the financial report is prepared depends on the organizations mode of operation and when the company started counting it is fiscal year. In other terms, international Accounting and financial reporting permits one to have an understanding of how IFRS are interpreted and their application in preparing the financial statements (IFRS, 2008). Financial Reporting is a system which is stipulated and has a guideline which ought to be followed to the latter. The financial service mostly comprises of three steps and this includes; 1. The status of international accounting system board (IASB) – entails integrating the project to bring authenticity of the accounting records; 2 An account for the foreign companies, and for this matter only those that keep their files with the IFRFS; and 3. Documents having major accounting standards that affects the foreign investments.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Contents in International Accounting and Financial Reporting The system is updated on a quarterly basis and is based on the following procedure ‘ It is an accounting procedure which classifies diverse sets of standards within the accounting option It also highlights a numerous examples of IFRS which can be computed in compliance to the standards The international finance report system (IFRS) has a capability to disclose all the requirements needed in making the report. It holds a good number of examples on financial statement presentation and supporting evidence from the original IFRS, both the yearly and quarterly reports. It also maintains numerous extracts from recent form 20-F filings and this discloses on the variations from the U.S.A. G.A.A.P. It also harbors a swift reference material which discloses relevant differences which subsist between IFRS and U.S G.A.A.P. Non-accounting variables that might influence the disclosure and f inancial reporting in a developed country (U.S.A) Non – accounting variables are the costs or the conservatives which do no change with any changes within the organizations, they are more of the fixed variables. In other words they remain untouched regardless of whatever happens within the organization. United States of America is considered as one of the developed Nations among nations, and this therefore will be the reference in relation to the developed countries. It is the role of the financial officer to present financial report and this should portray transparency, accountability besides being very authentic. Some factors within the organization may compel or influence presentation of financial reporting since they may appear very crucial within the organization (IASB, 2008, p.2500). Information technology in the developing countries is one of the aspect or a non-accounting variable which may influence presentation of financial reporting. Unlike in the developing countr ies such as Zimbabwe, the factor has well been embraced in almost all the organization. This has been a bit easy since most of the emerging trends within the organizations are from the developed countries. For instance, Automation is a non- accounting variable which has greatly influenced making of financial reporting. As an emerging trend it may impact great changes within the organization because the manual labor used in accounting for products is changed but in a way but at the same time their no effect in the production quota.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Accounting and Financial Reporting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that it remains to be a fixed variable since the change in technology does not influence the working conditions of the employees. This is because the developed nations have been used to diverse technologies and thus any changes do not affect the production (IASB, 2009, p.405). However, it influences disclosure of financial re porting since introduction of technology into an organization means a lot of finances have been used thus ought to be accounted for in order to portray transparency and accountability both internally and externally. This sets an organization on better position as opposed to those organizations which do not distinguish between the variables. This raises eyebrows as to why investors do invest in the developed countries instead of uplifting the developing countries. Organizational structure within an organization is another non-accounting variable which may not affect the production process within the organization but may influence disclosure of financial reporting. A well set up organizational structure is a strong determinant for a stable and consistent organization as the hierarchy is well defined and therefore no conflict of duties or dies. Each person is satisfied and contented with his or her position and this comes from the favorable working conditions besides satisfactory payments. In essence, this will boost their motivation and thus increasing the rate of production and therefore accelerating the sales. In order to upshot this within the organization; a report ought to be prepared to the shareholders in order to alert them (Timothy, 2007, p.100). The changes in organizational structure made by the strategic management team may be required to be financed, thus a need to also effect this in the books of account.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Environmental uncertainties are another non-variable factor which compel or influence an organization to disclose the financial report regulations. Though, an organization may try as much as possible not to disclose some vital information regarding it is operations, some un-predetermined factors may force them to reveal. Natural calamities for instance, earthquakes may dilapidate an organization but since the developed nations such as the U.S have always kept some reserves for such miss-happenings, may try to cover up the mess by reimbursing everything to its original situation but it may be difficult. The difficulty in this case may be lack of enough resources to cover up the mess and due to fear that the organization may lose reputation by collapsing, they may decide to open up and ask for finances from outside sources. The borrowing of funds will therefore be determined by the financial report. The lenders will be in a position to decide whether the business was a going concern o r not. New management accounting policies is another factor which may influence an organization to disclose their financial report. Developed countries work under the healthy competition strategy and since the organizations have common objective of making profit and boosting their own economy, they are compelled to disclose some of the vital information within the financial report in order to keep them moving. Non-accounting variables which might influence disclosure of financial report in developing countries (Zimbabwe) Developing countries such as Zimbabwe experience many non-accounting variables as compared to developed nations. To begin with, management credibility is one of the major factors that affect the reporting of organizations’ financial positions in a rather shaky economy of Zimbabwe. Transparency, accountability and trustworthy among the management team is a factor which has in a way affected the overall organizations in the developing world or nations. This bei ng a non- accounting variable has extensively compelled most of the organizations to openly expose their financial for the public interest. This is another way to reveal those that behind the fall or collapse of a given organization. When the responsible find themselves in such circumstances and they have no other ways to cover up the reputation of the organization they disclose the documents to the public (Timothy, 2007, p.200). Market share is seen as another factor. Market share is the amount of portion which an individual or an organization holds out of a given proportion. Since it is a fixed asset and cannot directly affect the production of the country since the company does not depend on its operations, it always appears on the financial accounts as an additional capital. Due to the instability and inconsistency of most of the organizations in Zimbabwe, any minor changes in the additional capital will have an impact in the whole system and thus this may influence disclosure o f the same in the financial report. Moreover, developing countries might find it difficult to be able to maintain the competent and skilled manpower within the organization. Therefore, this being a non-accounting variable may influence the organization to disclose its financial report to the shareholders and public with an aim of getting viable and incompetent workforce who may demand for less fee for the services offered. This is a factor which has made the developing countries to remain in the same state for quite a long time (Jerry, Et al, 2009, p.250). In conclusion, financial reporting is essential in any organization and managers are urged to consider the non-financial variables that may influence this disclosure. The US and Zimbabwe are the countries analyzed in this paper. The major non-financial variable in US is information technology since many organizations are compelled to provide information that can be audited using computer applications. In Zimbabwe the main factor i s management credibility which aims at withstanding the shaky economy in the country. Other factors in both countries include market structure, organizational structure, and ability to retail talented employees. It is therefore essential for any organization seeking to enter the international market to consider all the non-accounting variables in order to have proper management plans. References IASB, 2009, International Financial Reporting Standards, New York: Kluwer. International Accounting Standards Board, 2008, International Financial Reporting Standards IFRS, 2008, International Accounting Standards Board Chicago: Kluwer. International Accounting Standards Board , 2008, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs ®) 2008: Chicago: Kluwer. Jerry J. Weygandt, Paul D. Kimmel, Donald E. Kieso, 2009, Financial Accounting, Edition7, New York: John Wiley and Sons. Timothy, J, 2007, Advances in International Accounting, Volume 20, Elsevier Book Series on Science Direct, Chica go: Elsevier. This essay on International Accounting and Financial Reporting was written and submitted by user Scarlett N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Creation of an International Criminal Court essays

Creation of an International Criminal Court essays Cases of genocide (the Holocaust or Rwanda), crimes against humanity, and serious war crimes are all reasons why diplomats from over 150 countries met in Rome on June 15 to finalize the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC). To this day the Rome Treaty has been signed by 139 countries and as of November 1, 2001 ratified by 43 of the countries. The United States has signed it but because of the controversy over the ICC it has not yet been ratified and probably never will be. The dream of an ICC will become a reality in the near future when the sixtieth country ratifies the treaty. The treaty is an important step towards institutionalizing the rule of law intentionally and breaking the cycle of impunity that too often benefits those who commit the worst atrocities (LCHR, (n.d.), summary 2). If this International Criminal Court does become a reality, it will be a permanent, treaty-based international tribunal that will bring to justice individuals, not countries, of those accused of genocide, crimes against humanity and serious war crimes. The ICC will complement existing national judicial systems and step in only if national courts are unwilling or unable to investigate or prosecute such crimes (CoE, 2001, 20). The potential impact of the ICC is enormous. By holding individuals personally accountable, the Court could be an extremely powerful deterrent to the commission of genocide, crimes against humanity and serious war crimes that have plagued humanity during this century. Not only is the establishment of the Court an opportunity to provide critical redress to victims and survivors, but potentially to spare victims from the horrors of such atrocities in the future. If effective, the ICC will extend the rule of law internationally, impelling national systems to them selves investigate and prosecute the most heinous crimes thus strengthening those systems while guaranteeing that where they fail, the ICC can oper...

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Responsibility and brand advertising in the alcoholic beverage market Essay

Responsibility and brand advertising in the alcoholic beverage market (Context of Business) - Essay Example There is considerable criticism on brand advertising in alcoholic beverage, and there are calls for more regulation in industry-sponsored responsibility messages. They are constantly criticized as mere public relations activities that are morally suspect. What are recommended are those moderation campaigns initiated by public health educators and organizations. Media advocacy efforts are also offered as a logical step. So, what should be given importance are industry-sponsored responsible drinking campaigns and media advocacy. These two will play a major role on alcoholic drinking advocacy in the future. Kotler (2003, qtd. in Ringold) refers to social marketing that characterizes public health education, whose key objective is to reduce the psychological, social, and practical obstacles hindering beneficial consumer behavior. Wallack (1990, p. 153, qtd. in Ringold) says that social marketing â€Å"provides people with accurate information so that they can take steps to improve their health†. Efforts in social marketing to effect positive health behavior provide valuable information for a desired behavior. Ringold cites the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) in its promotion of â€Å"responsible drinking†, which was supported by government agencies, organizations and industry groups. The context strategy was, â€Å"If you drink, drink responsibly, and here’s how†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Media advocacy seeks to change the ways in which problems are understood as public health issues (DeJong and Atkin 1995; Wallack 1990, qtd. in Ringold). Health behavior problems are the sole responsibility of individuals but producers, wholesalers, and retailers of alcoholic beverages also have the role to play in informing members of society about responsible drinking. Ringold cites Wallack as saying that â€Å"a strategy might be developed to stimulate media coverage of the ethical and legal culpability of alcohol companies that promote deadly

Singer on Animal Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Singer on Animal Rights - Essay Example Several human activists have advocated the making and imposition of animal rights. This struggle on behalf of their loyal friends is not new and lasts over the last numerous decades. One of the most prominent human rights activists is Peter Singer who has an Australian origin. A renowned Philosopher and the professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, the sixty four (64) year old humanist has voiced his thoughts in favor of human rights for about four decades now. Peter Singer’s work â€Å"All Animals are Equal†, that came into print in the later part of the 1980s, highlights his decades old philosophy of safeguarding animal rights by voicing and maintaining the stance of respect of animals. This text is an attempt to voice Singer’s thoughts that he has advocated in the said work. The main theme of this article of Peter Singer is that animals, may they be ‘humans’ or ‘non humans’ deserve respect. He is quoted in this article as: †Å"I am urging that we extend to other species the basic principle of equality that most of us recognize should be extended to all members of our own species.† Singer does not emphasize that animals should have rights like humans but emphasizes that their rights should be recognized. He does not mean to say that animals are just like humans or should be treated just like humans. All he wants to say is that the discriminating factor between them should not be that one is an animal and the other is a human. Regardless of the species of a living being, rights should be associated with every individual thus attaching importance to their interests. The author compares the ambitions of human beings to those of an animal. Man has each and every step of his life planned. Every minute that passes brings him closer to his next planned task and then moreover to the next one. Animals however do not follow any such scheduled activity. Singer emphasizes that this fantasizing of humans does n ot give them any edge over animals with respect to rights. â€Å"If a being suffers,† he says, â€Å"there can be no moral justification for refusing to take that suffering into consideration.† The famous activist proposes a situation where a building might accidentally be on fire. A human and a dog would be distressfully caught into the fire in exactly the same manner. They’re both hurt to the same extent and have become immobile. In such a situation, the author emphasizes that, both the human being and the animal have equal rights of being picked up as the first option of rescue. He shuns the thought that since a man has his whole planned life to live he should be the first choice of being picked up by rescue personnel. Singer emphasizes that there potentially is no difference in the suffering of the distressing animal and the human being. ‘The Human Pain’ he says has the same intensity as the animal’s pain. He strictly shuns that merely th e thought that human suffering is more than animal suffering should not make the picking up of the human being as the first choice. On the contrary, if the person suffering may be your loved one then you may ask the rescue team to pick him up first, but not otherwise. Singer states that of all the things that may exist, human beings have only and only a single edge over other species and that is the fact that they belong to the â€Å"Human Species† or â€Å"Homo Sapiens†. Singer emphasizes by saying, â€Å"Like it or not, we must face the fact that humans come in different shapes and sizes; they

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace | Literature Review

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace | Literature Review In todays increasingly globalized world, the phrase diversity in the workplace tends to pop up everywhere. The main reason being that modern technological advances in transportation have shrunk the globe to such an extent that it is no longer a problem to move to any part of the world be it for entertainment, studies and especially work. This paper explicitly focuses on literature that relates to cultural diversity in an organization and its implications on employee performance and the performance of a corporation as a whole. It will also take a look at cultural diversity from either side of the mirror, that is, the positive as well as the negative aspects and how to manage such an employee base. Please also note that, while there has been some debate on whether race and culture should be thought as the same thing, this paper regards them as inter-usable so as to avoid confusion. So what exactly is cultural diversity? It has been described as the composition of work units (work group, organization, occupation, establishment or firm) in terms of the cultural or demographic characteristics that are salient and symbolically meaningful in the relationships among group members (DiTomaso, Post, Parks-Yancy, 2007) .The time has gone by when you expect an employee from a different cultural background to just blend in and start producing results (Amaram, 2007). Organizations have realized that a multi-cultural workforce can prove to be a great asset especially if the business is to be expanded to international markets. So the focus has somewhat shifted to come up with strategies to handle such an employee base and how to sustain that program. In his assessment of the value of a multi-cultural workforce, (Konrad, 2003) states three reasons why companies are changing their attitudes and strategies regarding recruitment of employees with different backgrounds. Firstly, the best talent is not always local; you need to look globally to recruit the best minds in the business. Secondly, he talks about market share, that is, a culturally diverse workforce can better cater to an increasingly diverse customer base, hence increased market share. The insight that a local can provide into the workings of the local market and also of the mindset of the local consumer is invaluable. Finally, he states that each culturally different individual brings with him something different to the table, and when you combine all these different attributes, it results in making the organization more competitive. In a non-business related argument, (Jayne Dipboye, 2004) suggest that increasing workforce diversity is the ethically right thing to do an d also that it is a better way to address race and gender issues. This argument may seem insignificant considering that the current competitive environment means companies care more about capital than the right thing to do. But (Amaram, 2007) brings up a very interesting argument about why corporations are moving to diversity programs. In addition to ethical and social responsibilities, he says that these programs have become necessary to avoid legal problems namely due to civil rights laws. Furthermore he states that to gain competitive advantage corporations have been forced to bring forward new strategies to bring out the best from a diverse workgroup and avoid conflicts. Even at the Govt. level it has been realized that effectively managing cultural diversity is vital to economic success. One example is the Australia Govt. policy, where diversity management is governed by a state policy namely, Productive Diversity. The aim of this policy is to make full use of the experiences and skills of people raised overseas, therefore gaining priceless Intel on international markets. (Leveson, Joiner, Bakalis, 2009) However what has been discussed above is based on theories and rhetoric. Is there any solid evidence that cultural diversity leads to a prosperous organization? The answer is a big maybe. Countless research and studies have looked at this issue from many different angles, each with their own differing conclusions. After reviewing various researches on this issue Jayne Dipboye (2004) came up with four conclusions regarding the relationship between cultural diversity and organizational performance. Increased diversity does not necessarily improve the talent pool Increased diversity does not necessarily build commitment, improve motivation, and reduce conflict Increased group-level diversity does not necessarily lead to higher group performance. Diversity does not necessarily improve organizational performance A study (Choi Rainey, 2009) suggests that it all comes down to the type of diversity i-e race, gender, religion etc. The findings were consistent with previous research (Milliken and Martins, 1996; Williams and OReilly, 1998) that suggest that racial diversity is inversely proportional to organizational performance due to less cohesion within the group and more conflict. It should be noted however that this study was specifically based on US federal agencies so it cannot be considered to represent the global business environment trend or even the national business environment of the US as a whole. Various other studies on the subject matter provide some very interesting results. McMahon (2010) in her article surveys the more recent studies on diversity. Here I would like to talk about two of them. First, (Richard, 2000) carried out a research on the US banking industry. He chose 63 banks from 3 states based on 3 different factors: California (high racial diversity), Kentucky (low racial diversity) and North Carolina (financial wealth). The study showed that there was no direct relationship between diversity and performance instead it depended more on the firms business strategies. When the strategy was more focused on growth there was a positive relation between diversity and performance but the result was opposite when the strategy shifted towards downsizing. Again, the above study, even though regarded as valuable information, only included the US banking industry so it cannot be said to depict the complete picture, (Richard, Murthi, Ismail, 2007) therefore widened the scope to other industries and studied the relationship between racial diversity and intermediate as well as long term firm performance and the role that environmental context plays in this. The results showed that at high as well as low levels of racial diversity, there was a curvilinear positive relation between racial diversity and intermediate firm performance. The result also showed a positive correlation between racial diversity and long term firm performance. But these results were dependent on the type of industry and environmental stability, meaning that the U-shaped relationship between racial diversity and firm performance would be weaker in unstable environments compared to a stable one. Till now I have reviewed how cultural diversity affects businesses and also related the theoretical assumptions to actual studies done on this very important issue. In the next portion I will try to review literature that primarily focuses on the best practices for managing diversity. Effective management of diversity is based on recognition of commonalities and awareness of differences (McMahon, 2010). Managing cultural diversity involves identifying the best practices. A best practice is a technique, method, process, activity, incentive, or reward that is believed to be more effective at delivering a particular outcome than any other technique, method, process, etc. when applied to a particular condition or circumstance (Wikipedia, 2010). So what are these best practices that I referred to? Amaram (2007) gives a few suggestions about them. He gives particular importance to diversity training programs, giving managers diversity related goals and making sure they are met and finally, giving respect to people of all races, that is, making room for religious holidays, diet preferences etc., because sometimes its the little things that matter the most. Jayne Dipboye (2004) suggest conducting a thorough needs assessment so that the diversity initiatives are tailored to the situation. Another suggestion is to develop a strategy keeping in mind the environmental context of the organization thereby echoing the results of the research carried out by Richard, Murthi and Ismail (2007). One more point that they touched in their paper was the need for inventing a system to evaluate the effects of diversity management strategies developed by organizations so that new and improved strategies can evolve by learning the mistakes from previous ones. CONCLUSION The increasingly diverse workplace is consistently posing newer challenges for an organization. Therefore there is a need for organizations to realize the importance of devising diversity management strategies. These strategies require thorough planning and looking at all aspects as well as the resulting consequences that will arise from a particular strategy because a good strategy can do wonders for an organization. At the same time these strategies could backfire if there is a lack of planning or research before implementation. After reviewing the above mentioned literature, one can see that cultural diversity is a complex phenomenon. Its role in improving organizational performance depends on various factors, for example, the environmental context, the type of industry, organizational strategies, etc. Furthermore cultural diversity alone does not guarantee immediate, tangible improvements in organizational, group, or individual performance. Nevertheless, achieving a culturally di verse workforce and effectively managing this workforce can yield huge benefits. Audi And Lamborghini: Analysis Audi And Lamborghini: Analysis The study aims at understanding the Companys position in relations to its competitors, as well as working to identify a firms core competencies and other competitively distinct company resources. Also analyze the profits the firm is generating from various product lines and customer accounts. Also a study of competitive strategy to analyze the industry context in which the firm operates. These include Porters five forces, SWOT analysis, analysis of strategic groups of competitors and others. Depending on the industry, the regulatory context is also examined in detail. In Competitor analysis, profiles of each competitor in the market, focusing especially on their relative competitive strengths and weaknesses using SWOT analysis is done using the benchmarking which also includes examining competitors Product differentiation, Present Sales, Future Sales, Marketing and Promotion Strategies, Technologies and other key factors. Introduction Audi AG is a German manufacturer of automobiles marketed under the Audi brand. The company name is based on the surname of the founder August Horch, the name itself an English cognate with the English word hark, meaning listen which, when translated into Latin, becomes Audi.(Wiki 2010) The Audi Group with the two brands Audi and Lamborghini is one of the worlds most successful car manufacturers in the premium segment. Sporty, sophisticated and progressive the premium vehicles from the Audi brand Customers are delighted by Audis technological innovations, pioneering, and design and build quality. The companys main aim is to satisfy the customer by providing world class technology, designs, safety and comfort. Sales of Audi vehicles by region 2009 Share in percent Germany 228,844 24.1% Europe without Germany 390,010 41.1% China (incl. Hong Kong) 158,941 16.7% USA 82,716 8.7% Other 89,218 9.4% Summary 949,729 100.0% Audi AG today Volkswagen AG is the largest shareholder of Audi AG which holds over 99 percent of the share capital. (Viknesh 2006) Audis saw a dramatic growth since 2000s, by delivering 653000 to 1003000 in 2008. The sales increase came globally specially 19.3% from Eastern Europe, 17.2% from Africa, 58.5% from Middle East with China coming into action in 2009 with a numerous increase to 108000 vehicles. Audi Vision Audi is a manufacturer of exquisite cars beautiful, sophisticated machines that embody technological perfection. Our success is built on our core values of creativity, commitment and enthusiasm, and keeping our customers desires at the heart of everything we do. We strive to lead the way through constant innovation, setting new standards that define Vorsprung durch Technik.(Anon, 2008) Mission: To delight customers worldwide This is companys core strategy for the year 2020 and therefore mission statement: We delight customers worldwide. Audi defines the delight in terms of not only its customers innovativeness but also its emotional products which turn out to be highly efficient models providing an unmistakable experience that are particularly noted for the familiar attributes of sophistication and reliability. Investor Relations Corporate strategy Audi: the number one premium brand Keeping in mind the future availability of the natural resources, Audi has kept in mind its future mission and vision of being a premium brand by actually reinforcing the emotional pull and continuing to delight the customers in long term. (Investor Relations 2010) Present Financials Performance Audi starts New Year with big results surge Audi achieves a new sales record of 360,760 deliveries in the January to April period First-quarter operating profit up more than 30 percent to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬478 million Audi has made a successful start to the 2010 fiscal year. The Ingolstadt-based carmaker sold 360,760 units in the first four months of the year a new record for the Company making very good progress with full throttle. Audi also achieved a double digit growth in all of its sales regions all over the world in the first quarter of the year with unit sales up by 23.7% on comparative period last year. (Quarterly Report, 2010) Future Plans for 2010 After being interrupted by the global crisis in recent years Audi is trying to get back to increase their deliveries by double along with the aim to increase to the operating profit more than that of the revenue and continuing to pursue its goal of becoming the most successful premium brand. In addition to the efforts made to achieve the long-term goals Audi has planned 12 launchings which are very interesting for the customers which includes a mix of performance, luxury, environment friendly and hybrids Situation Analysis Macro Environment PESTEL framework for Audi Political Scrappage scheme for cars 10 years older (United Kingdom) A government funded voluntary scheme in which the cars older than 10 years could be traded for a new vehicle and a discount of  £2000 is given on the new vehicle purchased. Emissions target of 130gm/km CO2 All car manufacturers are required to meet an average of CO2 emissions of 130gm/km by 2015 across all their products as a standard.( Alan 2009) Economical Cost of oil likely to go up, which may in turn have an effect on consumer buying behaviour. UK still trying to come out of recession, July- September 09 Economic Report shows a fall of 0.4% in GDP. (BBC News) Lowest interest rates in years, 0.5% set by Bank of England, affects consumer savings since March 2009.(Bank of England) Social Estimated UK population of 70 million by 2029. Population shift to an increasing older generation. People have a more active lifestyle, related to improved life expectancy. Technology Constantly Changing Environment Turbo Technology This impressive technology marks a departure from the noisy, thirsty diesel engines of the past. The TDI diesel engine delivers power, performance, low fuel consumption and reduced CO2 emissions. (Audi 2010) Recuperation While decelerating, the energy created is lost. Brake energy recuperation recycles this energy to lighten the load on your engine. It can reduce fuel consumption by up to 3% and CO2 emissions. (Audi 2010) Aerodynamics Aerodynamic performance plays a vital role in reducing fuel consumption. Streamlined for efficiency, the cars produce less air resistance, improved handling, better stability and lower CO2 emissions. (Audi 2010) S-tronic The revolutionary S-tronic transmission combines the agility and responsiveness of a manual gearbox with the convenience and smooth, uninterrupted power of an automatic. Fewer revs per minute and shorter gear changes mean greater fuel efficiency and lower CO2 emissions. (Audi 2010) Strong Research and Development culture and facilities with high expenditure. Lack of natural resources hence moved to hybrid cars. Global shift to cut CO2 emissions, Kyoto Agreement to work towards reduce green House gases. More Greener lifestyle now. Legal Health and safety, Euro NCAP safety test on all cars. Road Tax brackets Insurance Groups Micro Analysis SWOT Analysis Strengths Diverse ranges of Products Audi and Lamborghini Great Cash Flow Position Increase turnover and trading profits Sound Balance Sheet Leading quality manufacturers Brand Awareness Human resources Abilities to turn resources into advantages Audi boosted quality more than any other carmaker in the past five years, cutting defects by 60% Weaknesses Perception of High Prices Frequency of the interest of the customer may deteriorate Pollution: A major issue for the environment Knowledge of the purchaser with sophistication Alternate products and technology Opportunities New products with better technology Globalisation Innovation Alliances Change of customers preference to cheap and comfortable cars Diversification New horizons in Technologies Threats Old and New competition Fluctuations in Price of Fuel New rules and laws Result of the oil crisis Economic recession Market shift to globalisation Extremely high competition for customers and resources Porter Five Forces Model Porter explains that there are five forces inherent in a market, which will jointly determine the intensity of competition and profitability of Audi and the automobile industry. The five forces analysis gives an improved understanding of the frequency of competition within the business area. The analysis shows that the industry is highly competitive, with buyers having a very powerful influence to the massive number of alternate brands available to them. Bargaining Power of Customers Looking at the current situation when UK is trying to get out of the recession and the economy is also becoming stable, the buying power of the individuals will also increase and thereof the consumers will also look upon the various alternatives available in the market along with good bargains. Therefore the buying power force is gradually getting stronger. Bargaining Power of Suppliers This force is strong for both Audi and the entire automobile industry which possess a massive amount of substitute suppliers therefore use the aggressive pricing strategy. This results in a very strong competition in the industry. This is a result of very lesser degree of differentiation in the product offered. Finally the threats from the suppliers power to bargain which is fairly very low in the automobile industry because of multiple sourcing strategies and use of alternative supply sources for the spares and parts. Degree of Rivalry The degree of rivalry is the main point of concern for the company now as all the major competitors (BMW, Mercedes) are doing all their possible bits in terms of new product development, advanced technology, better services and providing wider choices etc. to bring customers under their umbrella. Threat of Substitutes There are a number of models of many brands like Mercedes Benz, Jaguar and BMW which can result in a little threat but they dont possess a great degree of threat as such because it depends on the relation of price-performance of the product. And an AUDI is a name for the people who love technology with luxury. Also changing to a substitute is possible if the substitution cost is low and that is not a valid factor here. Therefore a frequency of threats from the substitutes is low. Threat of New Entrants For the new entrants, the customer loyalty is a very important factor to be considered because it is very difficult to convince the customers in this era even if you possess a better than the best peoples product. But also the entry of the one who manufactures cheap cars does pose a significant threat. So, the frequency of the threat from new entrants is on a very lower scale. Competitive Advantage Audis competitive advantage is in their engineering of building their engines. They are able to fetch maximum power out of the minimum resources along with great fuel efficiency. A V6 engine is available, but 9 out of 10 buyers choose the 211 horsepower turbocharged 2.0 liter 4-cylinder, and thats the A4s competitive advantage. The Audi is the only German luxury sedan available with a 4-pot motor. While a smaller engine may not be a traditional selling point for a sports sedan, the A4 pulls off the inconceivable combination of being the most fuel efficient and quickest entry-level model of the bunch.(Anon, 2009) Benchmarking Benchmarking is the process of comparing ones business processes and performance metrics to industry bests and/or best practices from other industries. Dimensions typically measured are quality, time, and cost. Improvements from learning mean doing things better, faster, and cheaper. Benchmarking involves management identifying the best firms in their industry, or any other industry where similar processes exist, and comparing the results and processes of those studied (the targets) to ones own results and processes to learn how well the targets perform and, more importantly, how they do it. Benchmarking allows organizations to develop plans on how to make improvements or adapt specific best practices, usually with the aim of increasing some aspect of performance. Benchmarking may be a one-off event, but is often treated as a continuous process in which organizations continually seek to improve their practices.(Anon 2008) Benchmarking Criteria: Sales between Audi, Mercedes and BMW in U.S markets BMW sold 109,043 vehicle in North America may which was better than that of the previous but still lagged a 27% when compared to the last year. The sales decrease of a -18.3% gave them a fair chance to stand better in the second half of the year. Top Seller Position of Luxury Vehicles Company May 2008 Numbers Percentage Year-To-Date Percentage BMW 90,643 -18.1% 408,370 -20.9% MINI 18,348 -19.1% 79,260 -22.6% Rolls-Royce 51 -53.6% 276 -27.6% BMW Group 109,042 -18.3% 487,906 -21.1% Mercedes-Benz 86,300 -12.1% 383,000 -22.3% Smart 11,000 -14.9% 50,100 -9.9% MB Cars 97,300 -12.4% 433,100 -21.1% Audi AG 82,800 -6.1% 374,750 -12.1% BMW as a brand was down by 18.1% in May by selling 90,643 vehicles which further decreased to 20.9% to 408,370 vehicles. In Germany, Mercedes-Benz increased sales by 11% and sold 25,600 with furthermore sales boosts on models such as A-class, B-class and C-class which in turn helped Mercedes-Benz in gaining western European Market Share namely Spain, France and UK. Another sales boost of 59% was seen in China where Mercedes Benz grew fastest than to Brazil where it was 39% and Canada 17%. Whereas Audis sales were down by just 6.1% from the previous results and 12.1 from January to May 2008 which was 426,194. In Western Europe, the brand further reduced the gap to last years record result by giving just a -10.9% which was 52,650 vehicles in May. Also, they sold about 243,250 vehicles with a -14.6% which was 284,656 vehicles. Despite generally shrinking markets, Audi was able to sell more vehicles Europe namely Italy with a 7.1% increase, Belgium with a 7.3%, Switzerland with a 7.6% which resulted in the brands premium market share by 3.9%. Audi also increased their market share in US by 2% to attain 8.8% share in the High Import Group by posting a small decline of 12.1% to 7,503 vehicles. In the Asia-Pacific region, Audi achieved strong growth of 24.1% by selling 15,650 vehicles which further went up by 5.4% more. In China also sales in May rose by 27.8% in the consecutive month which was earlier up by 6.8% resulting in Audi confirming its position in the global market in the Australia and South Korea. (Global Sales 2009) Growth strategy Audis Growth Strategy Outlined Auto Shows Intensive hard work in key metropolitan areas Strong Dealer network Increasing the number of successful dealers who can sell 2000 cars annually. With a strong dealer network, a capable organization, and with excellent products in the future, AUDI will grow. It has ambitious plans in terms of the product portfolio, and further more interesting launchings.(Stadler 2010) Additional Capacity Plant Decision in view of US markets BMW- Have a manufacturing plant in US Mercedes- Have a manufacturing plant in US Audi- planning to set up a plant in states but keeping everything in mind, the hedging effect in taking the engine and its parts from Europe to America and on the contrary taking a large number of manufactured parts from America to Europe and then paying a 10% tariff is of no use. So, AUDI has to think strategically on this issue, not that it is taking its hands out but has to consider a lot many factor than one can image before setting up a plant in America, no wonder American has a large growing market and huge potential. Basis BMW AUDI MERCEDES Growth Strategy Identifying potential growth. Recognising where our strengths lie Make the best use of every opportunity. Following a clear strategy Intensive hard work in key metropolitan areas Strong Dealer network Capable organization, Excellent products in the future, More product portfolio and launchings premium price to our competitors To offer customers the best value To keep the incentives to a minimum, To reduce incentives further by focusing on attractive vehicles and customer service Analysis of Growth Strategies BMW is following a very straight growth strategy where they work in the direction where they have faith in themselves to do it best, they do the best of whatever they start, utilize all the resources possible which is their strengths without leaving their roots. Audi follows a growth strategy by increasing their product portfolios, management capabilities, ambitious plans and distribution network so that they can cater to the larger markets as well as groups by increasing their dealer networks. Mercedes has all the more different perspective on their growth strategy where they aim at being the most premium and luxurious brands out of the three and aim to sell cars at their own premium prices and focus on the consumer by providing incentives in the form of an extra-ordinary customer service which they think is their unique selling proposition. Audi can do a blend of their competitors strategies and give their future an excellent shape because all the three companies have different approaches towards their future which makes them different from one another. By doing this AUDI can improve on a wide perspective be it their production, technology, distribution, management or their human resource or even the customer groups. Forecasted Sales in 2020(based on CAGR) Assuming the American market, a large market for the Bimmers and the Mercs remains bad and Audi continues to perform well since. Audi have fairly good chances to overpower Mercedes by 2010. Looking at the CAGR, its pretty sure that Audi will be selling more cars in 3-4 years if everything goes the way it is. Looking at the previous figures it seems that Audi will pass on BMW as well by 2014, but practically speaking it should be around 2016 if it may happen. In the year 2008, Audi had a luxury market share of 9 in the world which was achieved without any incentives when the competitors cars were resting in the lots. It is one thing which the others are not doing or are not being able to do which is Innovation which started from Quattro to FSI to TDI, they have been very smart as to where to spend money intelligently in the racing and then bring them to the live world cars which would mark the growth of technology. Basis BMW AUDI MERCEDES Sales in 2020(in CAGR) Growing fluently with a CAGR of 4.1 percent for last 4 years. Audi is even quicker to achieve this at the CAGR of 6.51% in the last 4 years Its been a stand still for the Mercedes with (combined annual growth rate) of 1.4% in the last 4 years Technology Basis BMW Audi Mercedes Technology Efficient Dynamics Hydrogen 7 Dynamic Drive Clean Energy Night Vision- Infrared Vision at night Valvetronics xDrive Dynamic Stability Control(DSC) Quattro Asymmetric/dynamic torque distribution Recuperation- charging the batteries with the brake force energy Audi Space Frame TFSI engines were the first to combine petrol direct injection and turbo charging to provide greater power with reduced fuel consumption DIS with Gear Shift technology International standard ISO 14062 Design for Environment Use of water-based paints with less than 10% solvent and the use of solar energy to heat industrial water BlueEFFICIENCY ECO start-stop function F-Cell Hybrid Technology Analysis of technology BMW with a wide variety of technologies namely Efficient Dynamics, Hydrogen-7 work on the performance of the car in view of the environment with many useful cosmetic technologies that work in the interior of the car and its drivability with a very unique safety feature such as Infrared Vision at night. Audi on the other hand works on its Quattro technology which makes the car the best thing to drive in any road condition with its complete traction, safety features such as an extra-ordinary Space Frame which is Audi trademark and tested in a wind tunnel at their testing research and development centre along with other technologies for making a fuel efficient vehicle keeping environment in mind. Mercedes has made a little more effort than the AUDI or BMW by reaching the International Standards ISO-14062 for the design of environment by which they take care of all the products used in making their cars till the final disposal of them. Also working towards state of the art F-Cell Hybrid concept technology which can make a vehicle spit zero emissions. Looking at a wide perspective, all the three majors are doing their best to cope up to the changes in the environment and also provide more and more innovations whether its performance, safety driveability or joy. Keeping everything in mind they are laying their growth strategies. Advertising with analysis BMW AUDI Mercedes Advertising Marketing This article is an analysis of BMWs current global promotional strategy which places huge emphasis on Joy. For very many years, BMW branding centred on Drive, and the manufacturer proudly promoted itself as the Ultimate Driving Machine. This tagline became synonymous with BMW, but in 2008 it began to shift its emphasis on to Joy. We are a car company, but we dont just make cars. We, we make joy Thats the story we want to tell the World now. This Audi ad from across the pond stops short of dancing around and singing Audis rule, BMWs drool, but only just. The reason for the gloating, so the ad says, is Audis run of three straight victories over BMW in comparison tests in American car magazine Car and Driver. Wed love it if there was something similar over here.. But what we really cant wait for is BMWs response will it remain aloof and keep a dignified silence, or take the bait and slag Audi off in response. Mercedes Benz understands that its customers are not simply buying a car to get from point A to point B, so before they actually sell a car they must first sell an idea about that car. Mercedes Benz sells their ideas through promotion and advertising. Mercedes Benz wants to change the perception of their brand at the personal level and reposition their brand so that they are more appealing to young professional men of all ethnicities. Secondly, Mercedes Benz is communicating to its target market the idea that they are a more approachable, personal, fun, and energetic brand. Unique selling Proposition or Differentiation Basis BMW AUDI Mercedes .Unique Selling Proposition or Differentiation BMW is able to distinguish its self from its competition because it is more then just a luxury car. It has met the demands of customers craving luxury while also offering versatility to customers. An Audi feeling that communicates convenience and comfort to the driver. In view of the high quality claimed for Audi models, everything has to match: the shape of the door handles, the sound of the doors closing, the hand wheel for adjusting the back restraints, the indicator lever or the surface quality of the gear lever knob. Mercedes Benz differentiation once centred on the safety, luxury, and precision engineering of its cars, but due to increase competition in the luxury car industry and changing consumer attitudes about the Mercedes Benz brand, that strategy has changed. Now their strategy is more life style oriented and is focused more on presenting the more fun loving, approachable, and energetic side of Mercedes Benz.

pvr demand stretch :: essays research papers

Various Strategies Used By PVR For Stretching Supply To Meet The Demand This Strategy involves altering and aligning the organization capacity to meet the demand i.e. when demand for services is at its peak, capacity is expanded and when the demand is low, capacity is reduced to conserve the organization resources. The primary services resources that can be expanded and contracted temporarily to meet the demand are discussed below: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   labor 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Facilities 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Equipments 1) Time: PVR brought in the concept of flexi-hours and it has eliminated that old traditional show timings of 9-12am,12-3,3-6 etc. They came with the odd hours show timings like 10:50, 2:20,3:40,7:25 which suits the requirements of different type of viewers. Like school bunkers can go for 10:50 am show, college going students after attending their classes can view 2:20 pm show and on the other side corporate executives can go for 7:25 pm show. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  labor : Labor is one area where an organization faces major constraint when demand changes. In case of high demand period like summer vacations ,week-ends, PVR increase no. of employees by hiring part-time employees during peak period. They increase the no. of employees at the ticket counter, inside the auditorium, and at the refreshment counter. They are adopting Cross training i.e one employee is trained in more than one job, like person sitting at ticket counter also do the job of usher. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Facilities : In case of High demand PVR plan it out well in advance based on experience and increase the number and frequency of screenings. May be extending the screening in the next weeks schedule. More no of auditoriums are there , wide choice when more no of movies are releasing on the same day- but this is one time investment i. pvr demand stretch :: essays research papers Various Strategies Used By PVR For Stretching Supply To Meet The Demand This Strategy involves altering and aligning the organization capacity to meet the demand i.e. when demand for services is at its peak, capacity is expanded and when the demand is low, capacity is reduced to conserve the organization resources. The primary services resources that can be expanded and contracted temporarily to meet the demand are discussed below: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   labor 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Facilities 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Equipments 1) Time: PVR brought in the concept of flexi-hours and it has eliminated that old traditional show timings of 9-12am,12-3,3-6 etc. They came with the odd hours show timings like 10:50, 2:20,3:40,7:25 which suits the requirements of different type of viewers. Like school bunkers can go for 10:50 am show, college going students after attending their classes can view 2:20 pm show and on the other side corporate executives can go for 7:25 pm show. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  labor : Labor is one area where an organization faces major constraint when demand changes. In case of high demand period like summer vacations ,week-ends, PVR increase no. of employees by hiring part-time employees during peak period. They increase the no. of employees at the ticket counter, inside the auditorium, and at the refreshment counter. They are adopting Cross training i.e one employee is trained in more than one job, like person sitting at ticket counter also do the job of usher. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Facilities : In case of High demand PVR plan it out well in advance based on experience and increase the number and frequency of screenings. May be extending the screening in the next weeks schedule. More no of auditoriums are there , wide choice when more no of movies are releasing on the same day- but this is one time investment i.

Citizen Kane in a Century

The film most likely to be seen and reviewed one hundred years from now is Citizen Kane. The reason Citizen Kane will most likely withstand the next century above the others is the timelessness the concept of the film carries. Based on the media tycoon William Randolph Hearst, the film conveys the sense that the media is controlled by the few with the most money and the most power, a concept that lends itself especially well to film in terms of plot development and tension. Plot and tension garner a large audience that might not otherwise be united on what makes a successful film.For instance, Welles’ use of then-innovative cinematic techniques might be the wedge between an average movie-goer and a film critic, but the use of these techniques added dimension to the plot and tension in ways that previously been unexplored. Now seen as part of the cinematic canon, low camera angles make Kane’s character appear larger-than-life, adding to the dramatic tension. Facial close -ups also added to film’s mood, as the audience became enmeshed in the complexity of the characters and what happened to them.The use of flashbacks was also innovative, telling a story onscreen in a then-unconventional way, adding layers and giving the audience cues into the nature of Kane’s rise to the top of the journalism field, the power and wealth it allowed him, and the crushing fall the fickleness of the media to which he was pushed. Citizen Kane will survive the coming century because it broke ground in narrative technique as well as cinematic creativity, paving the way for all the other films viewed this semester. Martha Stewart: The New Kane?Citizen Kane updated for the times would ambitiously look at the rise, fall, and subsequent rise of home-decorating mogul Martha Stewart. The star would be Cate Blanchett, as she would fit the role physically as well as act the role remarkably. Hilary Swank would play Stewart’s daughter, Alexis, and her husband, An dy, would be Robert Downey Jr. Extensive research would be done, of course, to make the parallels between the real life person on which the film is based and the fictional character representing that person.The title character would be Ruth Helen Kane so as to keep the original film title in tact, to keep the parallel somewhat acute (Stewart’s middle name is Helen), and to play on the word ruthless. The film would be shot using the same cinematic techniques in the same way as Welles used in his original film—heavy use of flashbacks, facial close ups, low camera angles, extended and uninterrupted scenes, subjective use of lighting, and focus shots. The difference would be that the film would not end with the character in jail, but would follow the steady rise back into her original position of power.Martha Stewart as subject would testify to the short attention span of the public today, as well as insinuate that power and wealth make everyone forget the past, alluding t o the 1984 Orwell ominously warned us about. This remake of the 1941 classic film would stay true to the original in the exploration of power and corruption but resonate with audiences today because of the obsession with celebrities and a desire to see them disgraced. Personality and CharacterWoody Allen is a personality star because he never breaks away from the same persona—an eccentric, extremely intelligent, inherently nervous New York Jew. His performance in Annie Hall cements his status as the eccentric, intelligent, nervous New York Jew because he says so throughout the film and throughout the others he writes, directs, and stars in. William Holden is a character star because he plays a believable Max Schumacher, and watching the film I see Max, the character, not Bill, the leading man.Compared to Annie Hall, where I see Woody, the writer/director/actor, rather than Alvie, the character, Holden’s performance makes me see the character, not the actor. Dustin Hoff man is another character star. His Ben Braddock recalls a vivid sense of youth that anyone can relate to, and Hoffman plays him so well that it would be easy to see Hoffman as Braddock in subsequent films were Hoffman not an excellent actor. Billy Bob Thornton is yet another character star, delivering one of the best performances of all the films this semester.The seeming detachment from emotion Karl breathes is conveyed in a clean, authentic manner, making Thornton more of a vessel for the character rather than a messenger. Robert Duvall is a character actor through and through. His characters in Apocalypse Now, Network and even in The Conversation are different from each other, and his long list of credits reveal that Duvall remains a diverse actor in a variety of roles. He does not come off as pigeon-holed into an actor playing the same character in different roles.Narrative in Annie Hall and Citizen Kane Annie Hall begins at the end of the relationship, with Alvie talking direct ly to the audience about his relationship with the title character, Annie Hall. The story is told through the use of flashbacks of Alvie’s previous relationships and his childhood, told often as if he is himself telling Annie these flashbacks. Such a scene occurs specifically when he and Annie go to Coney Island with Alvie’s friend and Alvie is telling Annie about his mother and father and family.The present Annie and Alvie walk in to the past Alvie’s home to look in on past Alvie’s parents and family and house. The scene cuts through the narrative barrier in flashback and brings the presents visibly into the past rather than separating the two. Allen uses the flashback in this way to show how people are forever bound to the past and carry it with them as if they always lived in it. Citizen Kane also relies heavily on flashback to tell its story and begins much the same way Annie Hall does, at the end of the story, Kane’s death.The audience sees Ka ne die, learns that he has in fact died via newspaper media, and then systematically learns about the road to his death. The reporter sent to investigate the man behind the mogul uncovers the life of Kane, told via the people who were closest to him. The use of flashback works especially well in learning how Kane came under guardianship of Thatcher, and the flashback is revealed via Thatcher’s memoirs rather than Thatcher himself. Such use of flashback reveals how much information is attained when first-hand sources are unavailable.

Free Essays on Sonnets

he has written about them. â€Å"So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and gives life to thee.† In Sonnet 97, Shakespeare also uses one of the four seasons as a metaphor. Instead of being a poem of admiration, Sonnet 97 is a poem about the separation from this person he loves. In this poem, Shakespeare uses winter to describe the pain of being away from his lover. â€Å"How like a winter hath my absence been/From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! / What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen!†. Even though it is presently autumn, and autumn is considered the most beaut... Free Essays on Sonnets Free Essays on Sonnets The majority of the 152 Sonnets Shakespeare wrote focus on love. Shakespeare wrote poems of admiration as well as poems of suffering because of love and separation. Shakespeare often used metaphors in his descriptions. Sonnet 18 is a poem of admiration and glorification of Shakespeare’s lover. Sonnet 97 is a poem about being separated from his lover and Sonnet 130 is a poem for the â€Å"Dark Lady† which is descriptive but is not nearly as flattering or focused on outer beauty as Sonnet 18. Sonnet 18 is a poem that glorifies the subject and his or her beauty. Shakespeare uses metaphors to describe his lover. He uses the season of summer as a basis of comparison to the person he is writing about. â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? / Thou art more lovely and more temperate†. Shakespeare states that this person is even more beautiful than a summer day. They are also gentler than a harsh sun, which shines brightly and causes the sun to beat too hotly and raise the temperature too high. He refers to the sun with another metaphor, â€Å"the eye of heaven†. Shakespeare also says that summer goes by too quickly. He is metaphorically saying that the presence of this person will end shortly because they will die too soon and â€Å"autumn† will begin. Even though they will be gone, their beauty will live on through the words he has written about them. â€Å"So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and gives life to thee.† In Sonnet 97, Shakespeare also uses one of the four seasons as a metaphor. Instead of being a poem of admiration, Sonnet 97 is a poem about the separation from this person he loves. In this poem, Shakespeare uses winter to describe the pain of being away from his lover. â€Å"How like a winter hath my absence been/From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! / What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen!†. Even though it is presently autumn, and autumn is considered the most beaut...