Globization international business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Globization international business - Essay Example In the end of 90s globalization in Argentina was considered to be a successful tendency. There was an essential growth of GDP in the country (8.1 percent in 1997). Three years of a deep recession followed this complicated period. Governmental policy of Argentina is rather vague and it is hard to entrust money of Argentina citizens to the national banks because of bank deposit freezes, â€Å"public social protests and the resignations of the finance minister and the president† (Measuring Globalization, 2003).  Therefore, it is relevant to consider the way Argentina managed to cope with the challenges connected with the process of globalization. On the example of the country’s management to deal with internal affairs and foreign policy development, the basic issues of globalization processes in Argentina are discussed further on. Different aspects of Argentina’s globalization Moreover, there is a gradual conflict in Argentina’s policy, because during the p eriod of financial crisis, weak currency has been an intimidating factor for the nation. On the international arena Argentina should have been positioned as the country experiencing a rapid economic recovery. Still, financial crisis caused a negative impact on the country’s economy. ... the internal affairs of the country and thus on the international level there are a lot of challenges caused by the inconsistent national and foreign policies of the country (Measuring Globalization, 2003). Moreover, it is relevant to consider foreign policy of Argentina from hyperglobalist and skeptic perspectives. The hyperglobalization paradigm is relevant to the foreign policy of Argentina, because in accordance with this policy the globalization makes a country almost powerless. With respect to Mishkin (2007) all states are influenced by globalization and the majority of them perform â€Å"a courtesan role† in serving the main interests of the global political economy of other state actors on the international arena. Therefore, hyperglobalist views of globalization processes in Argentina are the most relevant in terms of this country. Thus, for example, many Argentines claim that their own government is the one to blame for mishaps in the process of financial crisis in th e country. Citizens claim that â€Å"imprudent fiscal and macroeconomic policies and persistent corruption during Carlos Menem's second mandate were at the core of Argentina's recession† (Miskin, 2007).   Moreover, gaps in neo-liberal policies implementation have also influenced on political inconsistencies of Argentine. Moreover, IMF was criticized for inconsistencies in the process of neo-liberal policies implementation. Hostile moods of citizens in Argentina are directed on their negative attitude expressed in relation to IMF and the World Bank, naming them â€Å"the pro-globalization camp† and it is evident that Argentines are dissatisfied with the processes of globalization (Guille, 2001). Unfortunately, economy of Argentina is described in terms of Outliers. The Administration of the President

There Is Still Time To Save Revolution Essay Example for Free

There Is Still Time To Save Revolution Essay It has been the scientists’ consensus: the world is undoubtedly warming (Pew Center). Thorough researches have proven that this warming is primarily the result of emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC), in its February 02, 2007 report has found a strong link of these emissions on human activities which include industrial processes, fossil fuel combustion, and changes in land use.   The report further said that the world shall experience an increase in temperature for about 2. 5 ºF to 10.4 ºF by 2100 if the current emission trends continue. The good news however is, the scientists believe that there is still time to slow global warming and to lessen many of its most severe consequences if we act quickly. Since it is primarily the human beings who are held responsible for global warming, the future of the world’s temperature is in our hands.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Greenhouse gases like Carbon Dioxide, methane, halocarbons and tropospheric O3 come from burning of fossil fuels, landfills and CFCs (D. Carpenter). From here, we can clearly see what we can do. Carbon dioxide makes up 60% of the total amount greenhouse gases and it primarily comes from the combustion of fossil fuels. If this is the case, an individual can contribute to the world’s effort of reducing carbon dioxide emission by reducing the usage of cars. Transportation has been the major source of this emission so by reducing car usage, we can reduce carbon dioxide emission. Walking to reach short distance destinations is one good step. The use of bikes, as that of Vietnam is also a good thing. Anyway, it is a good form of exercise. As ordinary citizens, we all the power to elect able lawmakers who would be concerned enough with the environment and the human health. As with nitrous oxide emission, we can do something with the reduction of use of trash incineration as its major source. Simple means of waste segregation and composting are of good contribution. Proper waste disposal can reduce the use of garbage incinerations. Recycling and reuse are also good steps. Let us reduce the use of disposable plastic containers because burning of plastics contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases. If we can reuse these plastic containers, then we can consequently reduce the amount of plastics to be burned. We can use paper bags instead of plastic containers in our daily routine. If we can reduce the use of fertilizers as enhancers to our mini orchidarium and gardens, then it will be of great help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We can also contribute with the reduction of Chloroflourocarbons (CFCs) and other Halocarbons. At home, we can reduce the use of artificial products that uses refrigerant and propellants as that of aerosol cans. There are already products available in the markets which are water-based. Of course, air conditioners and refrigerators have been our buddies at home and in the office. They are almost in everyone’s house. If we can get rid of using them, we can probably choose the products or brands that make use of lesser amount of CFCs. We almost all have our television sets, the access to internet and the daily papers. We can learn from these media on how to choose products that are environment-friendly. Primarily, we should be one who are to be environment-friendly because it is us who have the ability to think and feel and to distinguish friendly ones from that of the harmful stuffs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is also a direct correlation between global warming and deforestation (T. Socha). Research also shows that decline in forest cover adds up to 20% of greenhouse gases buildup. It means the lack of shaded areas has allowed higher surface temperatures. Because trees are natural consumers of carbon dioxide and in turn a natural source of oxygen, their presence in the environment is vital.   With lesser trees, there will be lesser consumers of carbon dioxide and consequently will lead to more emissions. Though it is a fact that it takes years before a tree is full grown, it does not necessarily mean that our hope of reducing the effects of global warming is gone forever. We still have the chance of planting more trees. Of course, it will be impossible to reconvert deforested areas that have already been converted to industrial areas. But we still have acres and acres of land that we can utilize as vegetation areas. There is no better time to start planting than now. Now is the right time to help in tree-planting projects that are sponsored by the government and even non-government organizations. Let us find time to participate in these activities. If time is what we lack, we have the opportunity to share our financial resources to support such projects. Moreover, we have current policies as with the routine harvest of trees. What we can best do is to adhere with government policies concerning the environment. If we find violations, we all have the media to coordinate with authorities. If we are financially capable enough to play golf or to operate golf courses, then it is our responsibility to re-consider its unhealthy effects in the environment. The operation of golf courses requires deforestation, then the use of vast amount of fertilizers in the maintenance of the grass areas. Voluminous water used to water the grass areas run through areas with the pollutants that is contained in the fertilizers. In general, a golf course is environmentally unhealthy. For all these facts, we can see that even ordinary citizens have the power to reduce the impact of global warming by the reduction of the usage of products that are the main sources of greenhouse emissions. We don’t need to be lawmakers and scientists or even be in the government seats in order to help. Even in our daily routine, we all have the chance to make this world a better place to live in. WORKS CITED Carpenter, David. â€Å"Health Effects of Global Warming† Institute of Health and the Environment University. Albany Socha, Thomas. â€Å"The Potential Effects of Global Warming† Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http://www.cato.org/pubs/books/climate/069-88.pdf â€Å"Global Warming Basics† Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http://www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-basics    Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1990). Working Group II. â€Å"Potential Impacts of Climate Change†. 6-3,6-4,6-9. BIBLIOGRAPHY Carpenter, David. â€Å"Health Effects of Global Warming† Institute of Health and the Environment University. Albany Cross, Eleanor and Kenneth Hyams. â€Å"The Potential Effect of Global Warming on the Geographic and Seasonal Distribution of Phlebotomus Papatasi in Southwest Asia.† â€Å"The Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 104. July 1996. pp. 724-727 Gorman, Christine. â€Å"How It Affects Your Health† Time Magazine. March 26, 2006. Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http://www.time/magazine/article/0,9171,1177002,00.html Lashof, D. (1989). â€Å"The Dynamic Greenhouse: Feedback Processes that may Influence Future Contractions of Atmospheric Trace Gases an Climatic Change.† pp. 213 Moore, Curtis (1997) â€Å"Warming up to Hot New Evidence† International Wildlife. Vol. 27. pp24-27 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1990) Working Group II. â€Å"Potential Impacts of Climate Change† pp. 6-9 Patz, Jonathan. â€Å"Alarming Health Effects of Global Warming† Medical News Today. November 19, 2005. Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=33768 Rauber, Paul (1997). â€Å"Heat Wave: If WE Continue to Ignore the Danger Signs, the World of the Future will be Hotter, Poorer, Deadlier Place; Here’s What It Might Look Like.† Vol. 82. pg. 34-38 Socha, Thomas. â€Å"The Potential Effects of Global Warming† Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http://www.cato.org/pubs/books/climate/069-88.pdf Thompson, Dick (1997). â€Å"Climate: Melt Away Future the Ice Caps are shrinking†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Time International. Vol. 11. p. 38 West, Larry. â€Å"Global Warming is Unstoppable and Humans are to Blame, says UN Report† Retrieved on April 17, 2007 from http://environment.about.com/od/globalwarming/a/ipcc_report.htm    Cooler Heads Coalition. â€Å"Potential Health Effects of Global Warming; Urban Heat in Atlanta; CBS Climate Hype† April 20, 2000. Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http://www.globalwarming.org/article.php?=225    National Resources Defense Council. â€Å"Consequences of Global Warming† Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http://www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/fcons.asp U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. â€Å"Global Warming-Impacts† Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http://yoshemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ImpactsHealth.html      Ã¢â‚¬Å"Strongest Evidence Yet of Human Link to Global Warming, Expert Says† The Science Daily. February 5, 2007. Retrieved on April 17, 2007 from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/02/2070204111643.htm

Free Essays - Animal Farm :: Animal Farm

Having so much power is not always a good thing. In George Orwell’s classic novel Animal Farm, this is proved to an almost scary extent where the characters are mainly animals, not people. In this novel, the animals speak to each other as humans would talk to other humans, making the novel very interesting to read. The point I am trying to make here as it is proven time and time again in history, as well as in this book, is that absolute power corrupts; and it corrupts absolutely. It all starts on The Manor Farm, where Old Major (the elder pig), makes an announcement. He includes in his speech that one day the animals will revolt against the humans taking charge of them, and treating them unjustly. He ends his speech with a song, called the Beasts of England that he taught the animals from his childhood. On the farm were two pigs who Mr. Jones (the owner of Manor Farm) was breeding up for sale. One was Snowball, the other, Napoleon. Snowball was more of a talker and Napoleon more likely to take action. The rest of the pigs were porkers and there was a little fat one that was well known to most of the animals on the farm and was very persuasive, he was called Squealer. There were also sheep, chickens, and horses, the only one worth mentioning is Boxer out of the lot. Boxer was the strongest animal and the hardest worker on the farm, and so, as you could imagine, was a great help to it. As time passed, so did Old Major, and Mr. Jones was treating the animals unfairly. One night, he got drunk and didn’t come back for a whole day and even when he did, the animals were not fed. As a result the animals had enough and took a stand, they chased Mr. Jones and his men off the farm as they called it their own. Celebrations followed and life was good for the animals, they even changed the name of the farm, and got rid of anything that reminded them of humans or Mr. Jones. A few months passed and the pigs revealed that they could now read and write. As a result of this, Snowball set up the "Seven Commandments" that every animal must follow with no exceptions, but the main idea was that all animals are equal.

Case Study Practicum In Educational Leadership Education Essay

Leadership is an indispensable ingredient for guaranting that every kid gets the educaA ­tion they need to win. Indeed, instruction leading has been called the â€Å" span † that can convey together the many different reform attempts in ways that practically nil else can. Teachers are on the front lines of acquisition. But principals at the school degree, and superintenA ­dents at the territory degree, are unambiguously positioned to supply a clime of high outlooks, a clear vision for better instruction and acquisition, and the agencies for everyone in the system – grownups and kids – to recognize that vision. As one principal late put it, â€Å" It is non merely about being an decision maker, it ‘s about being instructional leaders. † Experience to day of the month has taught us: that in order to acquire the leaders we want and need in every school, it ‘s non plenty to better their preparation, every bit pressing as that is. Different topographic points and territories besides need to make: Standards that spell out clear outlooks about what leaders need to cognize and make to better direction and acquisition and that form the footing for keeping them acA ­countable for consequences ; and Conditionss and inducements that support the ability of leaders to run into those criterions. These include the handiness of informations to inform leaders ‘ determinations ; the authorization to direct needful resources to the schools and pupils with the greatest demands ; and poliA ­cies that affect the enlisting, hiring, arrangement and rating of school leaders. Each of these nucleus elements for better instruction leading is critical. But what is every bit imporA ­tant is that territories need to work much more closely together in making more supA ­portive leading criterions, preparation and conditions. To make, in other words, what we ‘ve come to name a cohesive leading system. We need leading to hammer all of the assorted elements of today ‘s school reform attempts into a well-functioning system that makes sense for those working difficult to accomplish consequences for kids. A well-functioning system means non merely improved preparation – but â €Å" a more consistent web of support for strong, learning-focused leading in schools and school territories. Partial solutions – like new functions without the authorization to transport them out, or more focal point on larning without seasonably informations on consequences – are likely to take to failure. â€Å" The world is that if we continue to set good leaders into a bad system, we will besides hold to go on to wager on a system that has failed to function far excessively many kids. † We ‘re still at the beginning of this national journey to better school leading that can do a mensurable difference in raising pupil accomplishment across full school territories and provinces. However, the corporate work over the past eight old ages has given us a batch to construct on, and we must go on this work with even greater urgency. As Aristotle reminds us, â€Å" All who have meditated on the art of regulating worlds have been convinced that the destiny of imperiums depends on the instruction of young person. † Effective principals encourage others to fall in in the decision-making procedure in their schools. â€Å" Influence in schools is non a fixed amount or a zero-sum game. † Research workers have examined leading accomplishments from a assortment of positions. Early analyses of leading, from the 1900s to the 1950s, differentiated between leader and follower features. Finding that no individual trait or combination of traits to the full explained leaders ‘ abilities, research workers so began to analyze the influence of the state of affairs on leaders ‘ accomplishments and behaviours. Subsequent leading surveies attempted to separate effectual from non-effective leaders. These surveies attempted to find which leading behaviours were exemplified by effectual leaders. To understand what contributed to doing leaders effectual, research workers used the eventuality theoretical account in analyzing the connexion between personal traits, situational variables, and leader effectivity. Leadership surveies of the 1970s and 1980s one time once more focused on the single features of leaders which influence their effectivity and the success of their organ isations. The probes led to the decision that leaders and leading are important but complex constituents of organisations. Teacher leading has been seen in traditional functions such as section caputs, textbook acceptance commission presidents, and brotherhood representatives. In add-on to being restricted to these three countries, â€Å" traditional leading chances for instructors are highly limited and by and large serve an efficiency map instead than a leading map † . However current educational reforms prompt a reconsideration of teacher leading. Reforms such as site based direction and restructuring attempts include broader functions for teacher engagement and leading. Current teacher leading functions are affecting instructors as wise mans, squad leaders, course of study developers, and staff development suppliers and intend to â€Å" better the quality of public instruction while leting instructors greater leading in the development of those betterments † . These functions involve instructors in decision-making procedures and facilitate instructors going leaders of alteration. Nickse ( 1977 ) studied instructors as alteration agents and advocated instructors in leading functions in alteration attempts for four grounds: instructors have a vested involvement, â€Å" they care about what they do and how they do it and experience a sense of duty for their attempts † ; instructors have a sense of history, they are â€Å" cognizant of the norms of their co-workers † ; instructors know the community, â€Å" have information refering the values and attitudes of the community † and instructors can implement alteration, they â€Å" are where the action is. . .in the place to originate planned alteration on the footing of demand † . Yet despite these grounds and efforts to advance instructors as leaders of alteration and to widen teacher leading functions, instructors do non see themselves as leaders. However, the informations on leaders of educational alteration and the emerging information on instructor leading indicate that the features of these persons mirror those of leaders who have changed other organisations. Leaderships of educational alteration have vision, further a shared vision, and value human resources. They are proactive and take hazards. In add-on, they strongly believe that the intent of schools is to run into the academic demands of pupils and are effectual communicators and hearers. Leaderships of educational alteration have vision ; foster a shared vision, and value human resources. They are proactive and take hazards. School leaders are originative visionaries willing to take hazards in chase of precious values and able to cleaving to a vision with a doggedness that is contagious to about everyone † . The importance of principals holding a vision besides appears in the literature refering instructional. Principals have a vision — a image of what they want their schools to be and their pupils to accomplish. â€Å" Leadership requires a vision. Without a vision to dispute followings with, there ‘s no possibility of a chief being a leader † . The vision provides counsel and way for the school staff, pupils, and disposal. â€Å" Supplying vision and way for the school † as a constituent of instructional leading. Principals keep their â€Å" vision in the head † . â€Å" Associated with a vision has to be a program, a manner of making the end † . The footings â€Å" mission † and â€Å" goal-oriented † are frequently used in literature to depict this feature of principals. The school decision makers ‘ values and beliefs form her or his vision. Vision influences the school clime which includes instructors ‘ instructional behaviours every bit good as pupil results. While decision makers ‘ visions tend to concentrate on district- or school- broad instructional issues, instructors ‘ visions tend to turn to instructor functions and pupil results. Murphy, Everston, and Radnofsky ( 1991 ) discussed instructors ‘ sentiments on restructuring and found that while instructors agreed with the literature refering restructuring, they emphasized the pupil and instructional issues. These instructors ‘ visions included alterations in the schoolroom, such as interdisciplinary course of study, varied pupil grouping forms, and direction that included basic literacy every bit good as â€Å" critical thought, creativeness, curiousness, and independency of idea † ( Murphy, Everston, & A ; Radnofsky, 1991, p. 144 ) . Teachers ‘ vision besides included school alterations that would ensue in more participatory and decision- devising functions for instructors. School decision makers that have developed a shared vision with their mod ule have besides created common land that serves to ease or oblige action to the realisation of this common vision. The relationship between the instructors ‘ and decision makers ‘ vision is of import. Administrators ‘ vision tends to embrace the whole system. Teachers ‘ vision appears to concentrate chiefly on the person or personal actions for school alteration. However, closer scrutiny of the two — instructors ‘ and decision makers ‘ visions — may uncover that both groups of pedagogues are looking at the same vision but go toing to different facets. School decision makers that have developed a shared vision with their module have besides created common land that serves to ease or oblige action to the realisation of this common vision. Frequently underlying a shared vision are instructors ‘ and decision makers ‘ shared values and beliefs, specifically believing that schools are for pupils ‘ acquisition.School ContextA High School with more than 1500 pupils coming largely from low income population countries. You can happen instr uctors unwilling to join forces and work in squads, pupils underachieving and unsupported. The aim is to hold all the school members worked together to do the school a high- achieving acquisition environment where the civilization of the pupils is valued and supported. Through teamwork, staff development, and a uninterrupted focal point on pupil acquisition, the staff and principal will implement new instructional techniques, tight the course of study, and better accomplishments. Teachers will seek new attacks in their schoolrooms. They will see each other ‘s categories monthly to detect, discourse, and give feedback in an informal signifier of equal coaching.Implementing changes/MethodologyMany instructors remain unconvinced by the rule of inclusion. Collaborative action research can pull more instructors into the exciting challenge of prosecuting all their students in larning. Teachers should hold ownership of the research and work collaboratively and there should be a focal point on the effects of their pattern on students ‘ acquisition and engagement. The alteration procedure through which schools and bunchs are supported and work to better their acquisition and instruction is the sequence of events and actions taken by instructors, working as a squad, to better acquisition and instruction in the school. The Principles are cardinal to this ; they provide the focal point and are a mention point for speaking about acquisition and instruction and clarifying ends and school-based enterprises. The alteration procedure is designed to ease locally based determinations about acquisition and instruction. The action program is an in agreement place generated at the school degree about actions related to pedagogy that the school will set about to convey about alteration. These determinations are determined by the peculiar and single conditions and ends of each school, determinations that merely the school can do. The action program includes monitoring processes that aid instructors refine their instruction attacks and measure whether the alt erations lead to improved pupil results. For bunchs set abouting this plan, the school action program sits within a broader bunch program. The relationship between the bunch and school planning and organisation will be different for each bunch, depending on local conditions. Supporting actions: These are actions that are indispensable for the planning and execution of alteration enterprises to be successful. For illustration, experience has shown that organisational agreements such as time-tabling and room allotment must be attended to. Strategic coverage within and beyond the immediate school/cluster community can significantly heighten support for the plan and the committedness of the squad. Infrastructure support: Implementing the alteration procedure assumes and depends upon a set of meshing constructions to back up schools and bunchs. These include: aˆ? support from DE & A ; T and critical friends who work with the school, supplemented by bunch and regional web agreements including workshops aˆ? entree to local expertness, including the Cluster Coordinator aˆ? tools such as interviews and questionnaires for rating aˆ? professional development through preparation workshops for PoLT ( Principles of Learning and Teaching ) and Cluster Coordinators, the PoLT modular and on-line Professional Learning resources, and other professional development support provided by the PoLT and/or Cluster Coordinator. Within the School Accountability and Improvement Framework, schools are encouraged to reflect on their current organisational sustainability, along with their current operations and patterns, to place and develop the cardinal schemes required to accomplish the coveted pupil results. At the bosom of the new model is a set of inquiries that will help schools to concentrate rating and planning procedures on improved results for all pupils: 1. What results are we seeking to accomplish for our pupils? 2. Where are we now? 3. What do we hold to make to accomplish the results we want? 4. How will we pull off our resources to accomplish these results? 5. How will we cognize whether we are accomplishing these results? The planning stage is critical to the success of the undertaking in the school. Developing an action program requires considerable idea and attending, and will likely take a full term in the school twelvemonth to finish. The chief stairss in developing the action program are:aˆ? scrutinizing acquisition and instruction patterns in the schoolA scope of information is collected from pupil studies, teacher interviews, analyses of the school course of study and resources, PoLT squad procedures and relevant policies and enterprises in the school. This information will concentrate treatment on appropriate waies to take.aˆ? reviewing and prioritisingThe cardinal issues are analysed and enterprises and ends are identified.aˆ? developing and composing the action programThe PoLT action program should stipulate a scope of actions to be taken by the PoLT Coordinator and instructors at assorted times during the execution procedure to reply these inquiries and better acquisition and in struction. PoLT action planning will be an built-in portion of the School Strategic Planning procedure.Memoranda – LetterssBeloved Parents and Friends:As the new Principal of High School, it has been my sincere pleasance and award to go a member of this great school community. High School enjoys a rich history of academic and cultural excellence that is the consequence of a collegial partnership between the school staff and parents who provide a diverseness of experiences for the pupils. During my first hebdomads in the territory, I have so found this close working relationship and concentrate upon what is best for kids to be. I am genuinely honored to be appointed to this place and am looking forward to working with the dedicated staff to supply the best possible educational plan for our pupils. Before coming here, my professional calling was wholly within the XYZ School for many old ages. I held the places of instructor, chief, staff trainer of engineering, and cardinal office decision maker. I am really aroused to be a portion of the High School household and to closely work with everyone to do our school even better. My greatest enterprise is to supply the leading that will ease a school environment to supply differentiated direction to run into the demands of each pupil to the best of our ability. The educational plan must be academically ambitious, prosecute each pupil by associating the course of study to old cognition and experience, and besides be exciting to advance farther geographic expedition of new thoughts. Parents, instructors, support staff, and disposal all have an of import function to promote our kids to go active scholars. It is my sincere desire to supply expanded chances for our pupils to get the accomplishments to go productive citizens in a immensely altering society. Through a stopping point and collegial partnership with everyone associated with High School, I am confident we can do our school an even a better topographic point for our pupils to larn and turn. Respectfully, PrincipalBeloved Teachers/Students/Parents,Let me be the first to state Welcome back to school! † And, if this is your first twelvemonth at High School, Welcome to our school! † I am honored to be the Principal for High School! As many of you already know, my name is ABC decision maker. Bing selected as the new High School Community Schools is exciting. I must state I choose to come here because of the fantastic staff and pupils that make up this school territory. For our pupils † was besides a finding factor. I want you to experience welcome to halt by school whether it ‘s to volunteer, hold tiffin with your kid, or merely state hello. I believe it is of import for your kids to and I will work hard to do certain that happens. You will often happen me at tiffin with the pupils or in schoolrooms throughout the school. I hold myself accountable for being a seeable presence in the schoolrooms, hallways, and extra-curricular events. My hope is that you and your ki d will happen me as accessible and easy to talk to and that you wo n't waver to reach me if you of all time have inquiries, concerns, or you merely want to portion good intelligence about our school or your kid. I would wish to shut by one time once more stating you how much I am looking forward to working with the parents, pupils, and staff at High School. Thank you for the chance to work with your kids. I am genuinely esteemed. Sincerely, High School Principal

Theological Foundations and the Liberal Artss

Theological Foundations and the Liberal Arts Existence precedes essence. â€Å"Holmes, 3. † The exsistence of humans is valuable. We are here to fulfill what God has promised us. . A person is reflective thinking being. â€Å"youtube. com,3†We must look inside one’s self to know the truth of what God has planned for you, and looking outside yourself to make things whole. Christianity should be a part of life. Creation, the human person, truth and the cultural mandate are foundations of a Christian education.All creations are good because God has created everything and everything is perfect. The Christian college focuses on God’s creation of everything because all things are made by God. The human person is meant to serve God in every capacity in life and in education. That God mad us in His own image reminds us that in a vast universe that reflects God’s glory, humans are uniquely â€Å"crowned with glory and honor. † â€Å"Holmes, 15. † Everything we do as humans should be a reflection of God. All truths are all God’s truth, wherever it is found. Holmes, 17† If it is true in any subject then it is God’s truth. Learning and reasoning is meant to merge with Gods truth. Our role is to be ambassadors of Christ â€Å". Gnosticism doesn’t exist. Everyone had the power to know all. Lines between secular and sacred are nonexistence in a Christian. Secular colleges focus of education only. Secular colleges are only institutes for education. The rarely focus religion and are not faith based. Liberal educations at Christian colleges intermingle faith and education in every aspect of our lives.One’s entire self should be bettered in learning. Is the idea of a Christian college, then, simply to offer a good education plus biblical studies in an atmosphere of piety? â€Å"Holmes, 5† Caricatures of Christian college are often assumed to be a good education with prayer and bible study. Church or minister training is not a sole function. A distinctive Christian college integrates faith and learning. Every academic, sport, and extracurricular activity is based faith.Christian colleges take the act of learning and characteristics of faith and put them together. Christian colleges seek not compartmentalize aspects of Christian faith, but incorporate Christianity as a whole in student circle, training students to see all aspects of life as a Christian. There is no separation of faith and education. Liberal educations reinforce value of things and correctly places value upon things. To be reflective is to be analytic. â€Å"Holmes, 30. All that we are and do is to serve and reflect God. This is the purpose of our reflective value.

Essay Texting and its Influence on Your Studying Capabilities

Essay Texting and its Influence on Your Studying Capabilities Essay: Texting and its Influence on Your Studying Capabilities Modern society is obsessed with computer technologies. Adults and teenagers, especially youngsters, seldom write even a few notes in their notebooks. Instead, we send emails and texts. In a word, were texting on any possible occasion, considering it to be quicker, more convenient and most of all, more modern than old fashioned hand writing. Communicating via sending short messages has already transformed into a separate communication style. Terms such as textese, meaning sms language, and textisms, which refers to mnemonic devices or word-shortening are widely used via cell phones and on Internet social networks. Obviously, one should make use of all modern communication trends and devices, but one question arises: whether such an influence of technology is positive or negative? So, is texting harmful or beneficial? It turns out that theres no correct answer to this question. Surprisingly, expert opinions on this topic differ greatly. So, according to Dr. Crispin Thurlow, a language and communication expert, the language used in texts can be classified as adaptive and additive rather than necessarily subtractive (Lanir, 2011). Surely such a high evaluation can be viewed as positive. Even so, the fact, that such an opinion was expressed almost 10 years ago should be taken into account, as compared to 2003, the number of children and teenagers communicating via text messages has increased significantly. In 2009, Clare Wood and Beverly Plester became interested in the way texting might influence the level of general literacy and academic achievement. Within this research, abbreviations used in texting were studied. As Dr. Thurlow didnt state any negative ways that ‘textese’ and ‘textisms could affect the studying capabilities of schoolchildren and students, these two experts began with the assumption that texting language was likely to contribute to the literary skills development of those who used it. (Lanir, 2011). However, the findings of the newer research showed that newly-coined shortcuts, called homophones, non-essential and initial letter omission, which initially aims to write the text message quickly and simplify it as much as possible, generally tended to devastate language skills in general, and spelling skills in particular for those who commonly engaged in texting. This resulted in poor academic achievements for students in regard to writing tests and grammar. This drop in language skill is connected to the fact that each written word corresponds to some definite mental template, which in its turn is connected with a phonological sounding system of the language (Nauert, 2011). It goes without saying, that theres no use in lagging behind, and its important to keep up with the times and with modern communication tendencies. On the other hand, it may turn out to be a good idea to draw a distinct line between formal, standardized language and Internet clichà ©s, as well as patterns that are used only for online chatting or on social networks, particularly when texting, and most especially when texting friends and family members via mobile phones. It has to be kept in mind that a well-rounded education demands certain standards, including excellent writing skills. These skills are important for composing resumes or application letters, or any other kind of official writing that has nothing to do with modern slang and texting. Our custom essay writing service is ready to provide you with a non-plagiarized custom written paper on texting related topics.

The Colonial Names of African States

The Colonial Names of African States After decolonization, state boundaries in Africa remained remarkably stable, but the colonial names of African states often changed. Explore a list of current African countries according to their former colonial names, with explanations of border changes and amalgamations of territories. Why Were Boundaries Stable Following Decolonization? In 1963, during the era of independence, the Organization of African Union agreed to a policy of inviolable borders, which dictated that colonial-era boundaries were to be upheld, with one caveat. Due to the French policy of governing their colonies as large federated territories, several countries were created out of each of Frances former colonies, using the old territorial boundaries for the new country boundaries. There were Pan-Africanist efforts to create federated states, like the Federation of Mali, but these all failed.​ The Colonial Names of Present-Day African States Africa, 1914 Africa, 2015 Independent States Abyssinia Ethiopia Liberia Liberia British Colonies Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Sudan, The Republic of the South Sudan Basutoland Lesotho Bechuanaland Botswana British East Africa Kenya, Uganda British Somaliland Somalia* The Gambia The Gambia Gold Coast Ghana Nigeria Nigeria Northern Rhodesia Zambia Nyasaland Malawi Sierra Leone Sierra Leone South Africa South Africa Southern Rhodesia Zimbabwe Swaziland Swaziland French Colonies Algeria Algeria French Equatorial Africa Chad, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic French West Africa Benin, Guinea, Mali, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Burkina Faso French Somaliland Djibouti Madagascar Madagascar Morocco Morocco (see note) Tunisia Tunisia German Colonies Kamerun Cameroon German East Africa Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi South West Africa Namibia Togoland Togo Belgian Colonies Belgian Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Portuguese Colonies Angola Angola Portuguese East Africa Mozambique Portuguese Guinea Guinea-Bissau Italian Colonies Eritrea Eritrea Libya Libya Somalia Somalia (see note) Spanish Colonies Rio de Oro Western Sahara (disputed territory claimed by Morocco) Spanish Morocco Morocco (see note) Spanish Guinea Equatorial Guinea German Colonies After World War I, all of Germanys African colonies were taken away and made mandate territories by the League of Nations. This meant they were supposed to be prepared for independence by Allied powers, namely Britain, France, Belgium, and South Africa. German East Africa was divided between Britain and Belgium, with Belgium taking control over Rwanda and Burundi and Britain taking control of what was then called Tanganyika. After independence, Tanganyika united with Zanzibar and become Tanzania. German Kamerun was also larger than Cameroon is today, extending into what is today Nigeria, Chad, and the Central African Republic. Following World War I, most of German Kamerun went to France, but Britain also controlled the portion adjacent to Nigeria. At independence, the northern British Cameroons elected to join Nigeria, and the southern British Cameroons joined Cameroon. German South West Africa was controlled by South Africa until 1990. Somalia The country of Somalia is comprised of what were formerly Italian Somaliland and British Somaliland. Morroco Moroccos borders are still disputed. The country is made up primarily of two separate colonies, French Morocco and Spanish Morocco. Spanish Morocco lay on the northern coast, near the Straight of Gibralter, but Spain also had two separate territories (Rio de Oro and Saguia el-Hamra) just south of French Morocco. Spain merged these two colonies into Spanish Sahara in the 1920s, and in 1957 ceded much of what had been Saguia el-Hamra to Morocco. Morocco continued to claim the southern portion as well and in 1975 seized control of the territory. The United Nations recognizes the southern portion, often called Western Sahara, as a non-self-governing territory. The African Union recognizes it as the sovereign state Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), but the SADR only controls a portion of the territory known as Western Sahara.

Visa para recibir tratamiento médico en Estados Unidos

Visa para recibir tratamiento mà ©dico en Estados Unidos Las personas extranjeras que residen habitualmente fuera de los Estados Unidos y que desean ingresar al paà ­s para recibir tratamiento mà ©dico  deben  hacerlo con estatus de turista. Es decir, no hay una visa mà ©dica o una visa humanitaria. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre las diferentes opciones para ingresar como turista en los Estados Unidos y los problemas que pueden surgir tanto a la hora de solicitar una visa como cuando ya se tiene y se debe evitar situaciones que den lugar a su cancelacià ³n,   incluidos los casos especà ­ficos de tener un bebà © en Estados Unidos cuando la mam tiene estatus migratorio de turista. Ingresar como turista en Estados Unidos para recibir tratamiento mà ©dico Las siguientes opciones no aplican a los ciudadanos canadienses, para quienes estn previstas otras   reglas. Para el resto de extranjeros estas son las opciones para ingresar como turista a los Estados Unidos: La primera opcià ³n y que va a aplicar a la mayorà ­a de los extranjeros, es sacar la visa de turista.  tambià ©n conocida como visa B2,   de paseo o placer.  En casos de urgencia para recibir el tratamiento mà ©dico, hay un protocolo previsto en los consulados para resolver estas solicitudes cuanto antes. Es muy comà ºn que cuando se ingresa con esta visa se reciba autorizacià ³n para permanecer en los Estados Unidos 180 dà ­as, pero no siempre es asà ­. Por ello es importante verificar la fecha fijada en el I-94, conocido tambià ©n como registro de ingreso y de salida. Nunca fiarse por la fecha de expiracià ³n del visado, que realmente significa otra cosa. Si una vez que se est en el hospital la estancia necesita alargarse, puede pedirse una extensià ³n. Los hospitales generalmente ayudan con este trmite. Si por razones de causa mayor no se salià ³ de Estados Unidos a tiempo ni se pidià ³ la extensià ³n, podrà ­a en algunos casos pedirse la restauracià ³n de estatus. Una segunda posibilidad sà ³lo posible para mexicanos o residentes permanentes en Mà ©xico que viven a lo largo de la frontera con Estados Unidos es ingresar con una visa lser, tambià ©n conocida como tarjeta de cruce. En estos casos el lugar donde se puede recibir el tratamiento est limitado a un nà ºmero de millas a contar desde la là ­nea fronteriza y tambià ©n est restringido el nà ºmero de dà ­as que se puede permanecer en Estados Unidos. Y finalmente, una tercera posibilidad es entrar como turista sin visa, por un mximo no extensible de 90 dà ­as. Para ello es necesario ser ciudadano de uno de la treintena de paà ­ses que pertenecen al Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas (VWP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Pero hay que tener muy claro que la estancia no se puede alargar, bajo ninguna circunstancia, ms de tres meses a contar desde el dà ­a de entrada a EEUU.   Si se llega por avià ³n hay que solicitar previamente una autorizacià ³n para volar, que se conoce como ESTA. En estos momentos esta opcià ³n solo aplica a chilenos, espaà ±oles y tambià ©n a algunas personas con doble nacionalidad y que por esa circunstancia uno de sus pasaportes es de un paà ­s incluido en el VWP. Problemas para ingresar a Estados Unidos como turista para recibir tratamiento mà ©dico En el caso de viajar sin visa por el programa que dispensa a los ciudadanos de 38 paà ­ses de este requisito los problemas pueden surgir de 2 formas. En primer lugar si un oficial de migracià ³n en un puerto de entrada considera que no se tienen ingresos suficientes para recibir el tratamiento y existe un riesgo de que esa persona se convierta en una carga pà ºblica.  En este caso se puede negar la entrada a Estados Unidos por ser inadmisible. El segundo problema puede surgir si los 90 dà ­as no son suficientes para completar el tratamiento mà ©dico y es que bajo ninguna circunstancia se puede sacar una visa en Estados Unidos o extender esa estancia de 3 meses. Por esta razà ³n se debe solicitar una visa de turista si el tratamiento va a durar ms tiempo, ya que debe evitarse quedar ms tiempo del permitido debido a sus graves consecuencias. En el caso de tener que solicitar una visa de turista los problemas pueden surgir ya al solicitarla. Es necesario ser considerado elegible para el visado y tambià ©n admisible para ingresar a los Estados Unidos. Respecto a esto à ºltimo, es importante poder demostrar ingresos o recursos para costear el tratamiento. Hay que evitar crear la sospecha de que se va a ser una carga econà ³mica para el gobierno de los Estados Unidos si la visa es aprobada.    Por lo tanto, estar en condicià ³n de acreditar uno o varios de los siguientes medios de pago: Seguro mà ©dicoIngresos o patrimonio propio o familiarDinero aportado por el gobierno del paà ­s al que uno pertenece, una ONG nacional o extranjera, etc. Ni las oficinas consulares de los Estados Unidos estn autorizadas a conceder visas para recibir tratamiento mà ©dico a personas que no pueden sufragar gastos mà ©dicos ni los hospitales van ha admitir ingresos sin  asegurarse el pago. Una vez que se tiene la visa de turista, à ©sta puede ser cancelada o revocada por muchas causas. Pero la ms comà ºn es quedarse ms tiempo del permitido.   Asimismo, puede haber problemas por ingresar con demasiada frecuencia. Para evitarlo, llevar siempre prueba que acredite el tratamiento mà ©dico y el pago de facturas. El caso comà ºn de ingresar  a Estados Unidos a tener un hijo Todos los dà ­as entran a EEUU decenas de mujeres extranjeras en las à ºltimas fases de sus embarazos para dar a luz, o como dicen en algunos paà ­ses, a aliviarse. Es una prctica comà ºn y legal que brinda un gran beneficio: la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense para el bebà © que nace en Estados Unidos. Pero hay que tener en cuenta ciertas circunstancias, para evitar problemas con el gobierno.   De interà ©s para los pacientes de cncer y sus familiares Las estadà ­sticas muestran que uno de los tratamientos que ms reciben en Estados Unidos los pacientes extranjeros tiene que ver con el cncer. Estos son los top  10 hospitales  para tratamiento de esta enfermedad.  Muchos de ellos tienen un departamento dedicado a ayudar a los pacientes internacionales en sus gestiones y un servicio que habla espaà ±ol. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Environmental economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental economic - Essay Example The propriety of using the adjusted net savings is evaluated. The paper sets off by stating the need for sustainability measurement and identifying the three most popular sustainability indicators. Thereafter, the discussion focused on its characteristics together with criticisms of the indicator. In the end, a brief discussion with reference to Solo’s and Beckerman’s criticism is included for verification of the indicator’s fitness as the sustainability measuring tool. Before moving further, it will be quite beneficial to first examine the need for such measurement. Current trend on national and global issues places environmental sustainability at the very core (Ollivier & Giruad, 2008). In equating sustainability with wealth and looking at the former from the capitalist’s approach, measurement guides policy maker into the future by being forward-looking (Atkinson). Major decisions are made from intelligent evaluation of trends and gathered statistics. It is important therefore that factors affecting any national or global issues be available in numerical form or visual trends such that decision makers need not labor more to understand the available information. To measure performance or verify the current standing, indicators are used by interested institutions and policy makers. Numerous environment and sustainability indicators were conceived depending on the interest group that conceptualized the measurement tool or data collection method. For sustainability measurement, three aggregate indicators are prominent, The Ecological Footprint (EF) of World-wide Fund (WWF) for Nature International, Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) supported by the World Economic Forum while the Adjusted Net Savings (ANS) also known as Genuine Savings was developed and published by the World Bank (Ollivier & Giruad, 2008). The latter being a product of World Bank is receiving considerable interest and is the subject of this evaluation. The Adjus ted Net Savings is an attempt of the World Bank to measure true savings rate of an economy after factoring in investments from human capital, depletion of natural resources, and damage to the environment as a result from pollution. This indicator is not wholly dependent on environmental indicators but infuses some macroeconomic and social indicator as can be seen in the current equation (Bolt, et al, 2002): ANS = (GNS - Dh + CSE - ? Rn,i - CD) / GNI, where: ANS = Adjusted Net Savings Rate GNS = Gross National Saving Dh = Depreciation of produced capital CSE = Current (non-fixed-capital) expenditure on education Rn,i = Rent from depletion of natural capitali CD = Damages from carbon dioxide emissions GNI = Gross National Income at Market Prices. The above model suggests that sustainable economy is indicated by a positive or at the very least 0 ANS rating. For that to happen, the sum of gross national savings and expenditure on education must exceed the total amount of depreciation an d depletion and damages combined. All these factors are highly dependent on policies supported by an economy. It is highly important therefore to refer to ANS in evaluating or assessing the policies maintained with respect to sustainability as they indicate performance or direction to which an economy must thread on. As previously mentioned, it is advantageous to use ANS because of measurability.

Examine the roots of the Russian Mafia and account for its influence Essay

Examine the roots of the Russian Mafia and account for its influence in Russia today - Essay Example The Mafia is an illegal organization which is involved in organized criminal activity. Rigid rules, violence and monopoly of illegal activities are some of its attributes. â€Å"Gambetta defines the Mafia as an industry which supplies private protection (Gambetta, 1991:2). The Mafia produce and sells a very special commodity, trust or protection. Like ‘organized crime’ in general, the Mafia aims to produce, advertise and sell protection in conflict with the state. The Mafia operate in those economic transactions and agreements where protection is either inefficiently supplied or cannot be supplied at all by the state†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Russian Mafia: Do Rational Choice Models Apply?, date ?: p.7-8). Similar to the claims made by Gambetta, Hobsbawn also maintains that the â€Å"Mafia tends to develop in societies in which citizens regard the authorities as hostile. He argues that the Mafia provides a parallel masculine law and organized power in societies in which the o fficial government is not effective, and most of the citizens in the areas under its influence believe that it is the only effective law and power† (The Russian Mafia: Do Rational Choice Models Apply?, date ?: p.7) The Russian Mafia has often been studied in comparison with the Sicilian Mafia. The emergence of the latter in Southern Italy was due to the uneven transition of the market economy. The Italian citizens lost trust in the Italian state due to the fact that property rights and individual protection was not thoroughly given by it. This led to a rise in the demand for ‘protection’ and this protection was in turn provided by the Mafia. Similarly, part of the emergence of the Russian Mafia owes itself to the undefined transition of its market economy wherein there were no exact rules and regulations to govern the producers, sellers and consumers. Citizens were thus bereft of legal protection and

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Marketing - Essay Example In other words, these accounts must be identified, acquired, and followed up, or managed. The sales person/force and manager must also be rewarded accordingly. Key accounts are gained by developing a mutual relationship. In order to gain trust and repeat business and to â€Å"lead† the client and not the other way around (having the client lead the sales representative which results in a loss of sales), one must completely know and understand the client’s business. This can only be accomplished by having a strategy. Key Account Management (2006) lists the benefits of this type of handling such important accounts: Regarding the case study of Glaztex, the reasons for failure to win the order were many. They did not employ the strategies of proper key account management. Dr. Leblanc of Commercial SA had initially contacted sales executive John Goodman. That was an incredible â€Å"foot in the door† where Goodman should have researched and prepared before returning the call. Perhaps he did not have the proper training on key account management, which is very crucial. Most company training involves teaching staff how to sell to corporations and to large accounts which uses a skill-based training. On the other hand, key account management deals with the clients’ needs and uses strategy. (Bandhu, 2004.) Capon (2006) states that, â€Å"†¦it is one thing to recognize that these accounts should be treated differently, it is quite another to figure out exactly what to do.† So training is necessary. Goodman simply described the simply and gave Leblanc literature to read. As Leblanc had stated that he had already spoken with three other companies, Goodman needed to be well informed of not only what his company had to offer, he also needed to know about his possible client and the competitors. He needed to focus on value. An advantage would have been for him to tell and show Leblanc (and Atois, the production engineer, as he stated that

Organizational Analysis and Change Project Research Proposal

Organizational Analysis and Change Project - Research Proposal Example (Aaker, 1991) When message relevance is low, individuals will not actively process the information in the advertisement, but will instead rely on peripheral message cues to form or change attitudes. Brand Identity is that element of customer perception and awareness which has its focus in the results of a certain kind of projection through the brand equity building measures. This calls for an integrative model which will combine the basic elements of the brand identity and brand equity concepts so as to create a platform for the effective discussion of the Elaboration Likelihood Model. This has been of special relevance for the Coca Cola company as far as its foray into target market and product variation is concerned. (Kotler, 1997) The modern day organisation depends to a great extent on the contribution and quality of its human capital. The human capital may be defined as that element of the organisation's operational sphere that is a living, breathing part of the activities that put the innate resources and factors of production into application. This application results in profits arising out of the activities of the human capital and the efficiency with which this resource carries out its tasks. This in turn, has a bearing on the achievement of the organisation's goals. (Johnson, 1996. P 13 to 18) Business Partner The first role of the human resource in today's organisation is that of a business partner. This has come to the fore with the emergence of various service oriented companies that provide intensive marketing services along with the products that are being produced. The emergence of a marketing network has been crucial to companies like Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance, Oriflame Cosmetics and many others. (Green, 2002. P 111) The business partner method operates along the following lines, as depicted in the diagram below: Branch Manager ' Sales Team Manager ' Team of Business Partners (Sales Agent) (Green, 2002) These business partners work independently from home or under the name of their own business in order to cater to people exclusively and bring the products and services of the company to the doorstep of the independent clients. The role of these business partners is to bring business to the company by exploring their personal networks so as to earn commissions on the sales that they make. This is a formal level of institutionalised operations where the organisation profits greatly. This is done by pushing the product in quarters where the effects of regular marketing and promotion cannot reach. It is also an elevated level of salesman ship where the sales agents are offered a share in the business that they make. The advantage of this is that the business partners take a personal interest in the development of a clientele. (Green, 2002. P 111) Further, this serves the two fold purpose of sales and promotion. While there might not be immediate sales in some cases,

EVALUATION nad WEBSITE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

EVALUATION nad WEBSITE - Essay Example It is essential to define business objectives, usability goals and intended context of use well in advance. In this context business objectives of a site include answers to crucial questions such as such, what are the main purposes of the website, who are the websites target audience, success factors, evaluation criteria and budget. The websites contexts of use include information such as important user groups, frequency of visits, user's past experience and expertise, socio-cultural issues, user's needs and client side technical information. Once this Meta information is collected and analyzed a website design should proceed. Effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction are the three units in which usability can be measured. We know that many users visit the travel agency websites since travelers have increased and also the traveling rate has increased during the past few decades. Many people look to travel agents for traveling, booking tickets, searching for vacation plans, and many other such deals. The website should provide a proper user interface to the people so that they do not face any problem in operating the website if they want to. Many people prefer booking tickets online rather than to go to the travel agent and getting it booked. Therefore, many people will browse the websites of the travel agencies before confirming on one particular travel agency. Therefore, the user-interface of the website should be such that it would try to attract more customers. The better the interface, the more loyal the customers become and more the increase in the number of customers for that travel agency. The three basic components of web usability are: Effectiveness: It can be measured by determining if the website users can actually accomplish their requirements at hand. Requirements at this context can range from a simple task such as finding information to complex and sensitive activities such as purchasing a product. Efficiency: Efficiency looks at the resources expended in order to achieve the task. Although resources can be seen in multiple perspectives, the most critical resource is time. Satisfaction: The essential feature of impressing the customers involves the amount of satisfaction a particular website can provide to the users. The overall experience that involves the color contrast, dynamic features, availability of appropriate information, accuracy of search play crucial role in the satisfaction rate of users. All these features have to be addressed while designing a website and these issues were considered while building the travel agency website. The customer generally searches for flights to his or her desired destination. Therefore, the provision for searching for flights has to be present right on the first page of the website (i.e. the Home Page of the website). Once the data is fed and the search button clicked, the list of flights has to be shown to the customer and the customer can then select which flight he want his ticket to be booked in. Also, once he visits the website and he likes the website, he would like to become a member of the travel agency. Also, he would like to have a personal storage place where all his information related to his travel will be saved. Such personal place has to be provided which can be accessed through his login name and

Organizational Analysis and Change Project Research Proposal

Organizational Analysis and Change Project - Research Proposal Example (Aaker, 1991) When message relevance is low, individuals will not actively process the information in the advertisement, but will instead rely on peripheral message cues to form or change attitudes. Brand Identity is that element of customer perception and awareness which has its focus in the results of a certain kind of projection through the brand equity building measures. This calls for an integrative model which will combine the basic elements of the brand identity and brand equity concepts so as to create a platform for the effective discussion of the Elaboration Likelihood Model. This has been of special relevance for the Coca Cola company as far as its foray into target market and product variation is concerned. (Kotler, 1997) The modern day organisation depends to a great extent on the contribution and quality of its human capital. The human capital may be defined as that element of the organisation's operational sphere that is a living, breathing part of the activities that put the innate resources and factors of production into application. This application results in profits arising out of the activities of the human capital and the efficiency with which this resource carries out its tasks. This in turn, has a bearing on the achievement of the organisation's goals. (Johnson, 1996. P 13 to 18) Business Partner The first role of the human resource in today's organisation is that of a business partner. This has come to the fore with the emergence of various service oriented companies that provide intensive marketing services along with the products that are being produced. The emergence of a marketing network has been crucial to companies like Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance, Oriflame Cosmetics and many others. (Green, 2002. P 111) The business partner method operates along the following lines, as depicted in the diagram below: Branch Manager ' Sales Team Manager ' Team of Business Partners (Sales Agent) (Green, 2002) These business partners work independently from home or under the name of their own business in order to cater to people exclusively and bring the products and services of the company to the doorstep of the independent clients. The role of these business partners is to bring business to the company by exploring their personal networks so as to earn commissions on the sales that they make. This is a formal level of institutionalised operations where the organisation profits greatly. This is done by pushing the product in quarters where the effects of regular marketing and promotion cannot reach. It is also an elevated level of salesman ship where the sales agents are offered a share in the business that they make. The advantage of this is that the business partners take a personal interest in the development of a clientele. (Green, 2002. P 111) Further, this serves the two fold purpose of sales and promotion. While there might not be immediate sales in some cases,

Summarise the following papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Summarise the following papers - Essay Example is study by Jere (2004) who sought to review audit failure rates, costs of auditing, audit report research, auditor differentiation and audit quality, big-firm small-firm dichotomy, and the role of audit research in policy making. The paper began with a review of outright audit failure rates. It posited that an outright audit failure occurs when GAAPs are not enforced by the auditor and when an auditor fails to issue a modified or qualified audit report when the circumstances are appropriate. The failure renders the reports misleading to the users. Where does audit failure rate data come from? This question is also answered by Jere (2004) as the paper defines audit failure rate using business failure rates – failures of publicly listed companies. Another audit failure could be observed from consent decrees from the reports of Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases (AAER). Further, the paper explains that data for audit failure rates could also be sourced from earnings restatements. The study found that the audit failure rates with significant economic consequences were infrequent, accounting for less than 1% annually. Jere (2004) also tackled the issue of audit fees and whether auditing was costly. The paper also found that audit fees were low at less than 0.1% of the client sales. The paper argues correctly that the fact that the auditing costs are very low does not necessarily suggest that the quality of audits is also low given that the audit failure rates are also very low. Auditing is therefore inexpensive. Jere’s (2004) meta-analysis revealed that despite the false positives and negatives, the audit reports were informative and therefore the audit quality was high. The author noted that auditors are not always accurate in their reporting and this can reduce the audit quality. Auditors tend to report more conservatively (false positives) but mostly fail to get it right when it matters (false negatives). What the false positives and negatives do is

The Raven - Edgar Allan Poes Essay Example for Free

The Raven Edgar Allan Poes Essay Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. He is one of the most significant writers in the American history. Well known for its mystery and horror stories he is considered part of the Romantic movement in US and the inventor of detective fiction genre. On January 29, 1845 he publishes his poem The Raven in the Evening Mirror which granted him with immense fame (Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography 1941). The editor of the publishing newspaper wrote: It is the most effective single example of â€Å"fugitive poetry† ever published in this country; and unsurpassed in English poetry for subtle conception, masterly ingenuity of versification, and consistent, sustaining of imaginative lift and â€Å"pokerishness. † It is one of these â€Å"dainties bred in a book† which we feedon. It will stick to the memory of everybody who reads it(Evening Mirror, New York, January 29, 1845). The poem is of great artistic merit, it exudes many emotions and arise many feelings. Every reading of the poem gives new experience and new feelings but when You got familiar with Poes life a inevitable question is arising. Putting together The raven and Poes life we can see that the place where the poem is written corresponds to the room where the action of the story is held in addition the raven represents Poes inner self, furthermore for the image of the narrator Poe uses for prototype himself and all these lead to the conclusion that The Raven is Poes own view about his fate. The correspondence between the time and the settings of the poem and the time and conditions it was written supports the idea of coherence between the story of the poem and the prediction for the future that lies before the author. The Raven was published in January 29, 1845, according to The New York Times at that time Poe and his wife Virginia lived at a farm house in New York. In 1844 the farm house was away from the city. Poes home stood on a rocky and commanding eminence a few hundred feet of 84 Street and St. Nicholas Boulevard, at that time Manhattan was a country north of Greenwich Village otted with tiny hamlets(The New York Times January 1, 1908). This distant and isolated house was his sanctuary giving him solitude from the world outside. We can see quite the same at the opening of the poem with depiction of the room. The room is closed claustrophobic place well furnished with lots of books and heavy curtains which give a sense of isolation And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain (line 13) Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust and door (line 68) Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking (line 69). Isolation and solitude is was the narrator is seeking in order to surcease the inner pain and sorrow. What is more the time of the action in the poem and the time of its writing is the same winter. The poem was published in January 29 and the process of the writing can take us a month back in December. December is the time in which the action in the poem is held. The view from Poes distant house away from the city during the winter is only bare uplands which co-responds to the description he gave bleak December at the beginning of the second stanza Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December (line 7). In a nutshell the place, in which he lived at the time of the writing of The Raven, resembles the place in which the action takes place. Another evident in favor of the statement that the poem corresponds exactly to the view about Poes fate is the fact that he uses himself for prototype of the protagonist in the poem. The narrator possess many books which refers that he is well educated and intelligent as Poe himself. The protagonist is suffering from great inner pain and sorrow and vainly hoping for a cure Is there—is there balm in Gilead? —tell me—tell me, I implore! (line 89) as does Poe at the time, according to Arthur Quinn , in which the poem was published his great love Virginia had been sick from Tubercolosis for three years, her death is inevitable and Poe is aware of it (Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography 1941). Another confirmation is the fact that the narrator is using the books for distraction from the painful reality which Poe had been doing for a long time Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary / Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore (lines 1- 2). In brief the narrator is a mirror image of Edgar Allan Poe. The fact that The Raven represents Poes inner personality confirms the statement that the poem is Poe foresight about his fate. We can see the manner in which Poe rites The Raven with capital R which tells us that it is not any raven. Well known for his macabre stories full with horror, this ebony bird is his black soul, his sinister mind. His talk with the bird asking if he will be or will be not again reunited with his beloved Lenore in the after life is a symbol of his inner doubts and desires Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn (line 93) It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore— (line 94) Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore. line 95). Another confirmation is the conversation with the bird in which he is begging for nepenthe to release him from sorrow but his request is not fulfilled which represents Poes inner inability to free himself from the pain Respite—respite and nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore; (line 82) Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore! (line 83)† Quoth the Raven â€Å"Nevermore. †(line 84) An additional element leading to the conclusion that the ominous bird is a personification of Poes inner self is the way how he writes Hope and Hopes with capital H, referring both to the bird and to the narrator On the morrow he will leave me, as my Hopes have flown before. (line 59)/ Till the dirges of his Hope that melancholy burden bore (line 65). In other word the raven is a representation of Poes inner self. To cut a long story short the poem The Raven is Poes view about his own fait. In The Raven the action is held in a place which resembles the house that Poe and his wife Virginia inhabited, also in the story Poe gives life to his dark inner self trough the image of the raven, who took the life of the narrator which prototype is Poe himself. Though the cause of Poes death is unclear, according to Jeffrey Meyers and Charles scriber, Poe had died from Delirium Tremens alcohol poisoning (Edgar Allan Poe Jeffrey Meyers, Charles Scriber, 1992) responsible for which is Poe himself or in particular his inner inability to resist the need of alcohol. In other words the foresight had been fulfilled.

Internationalisation of SMEs: Challenges and Barriers

Internationalisation of SMEs: Challenges and Barriers Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are becoming more important in today’s international markets. (Oviatt and McDougall,1994, 1999). The internationalisation of SME’s can be expected to increase further due to the economy of the world becoming further harmonised with continued declines in government imposed barriers and advances in technology (Lu, Jane W, and Paul W Beamish, 2001). In 2013 there was an estimated 4.9 million private sector businesses in the UK which is an increase of 102,000 compared to that of 2012. SME’s account for over half of employment, 53.9%, and almost half of the turnover in the UK private sector, 48.1%. (Department for Business Innovations and Skills, 2013). Hence, showing that SME’s are still growing and are an integral part of the UK’s economy. Through SME’s, this essay will discuss and critically analyse the process of creating (pre start up) and managing a new venture (post start up). It will begin with considering issues relating to the entrepreneur, and examine the challenges that they are faced with when starting up a business idea, the opportunity, and the innovation. The problems with managing a new venture are then inspected. In French, the term entrepreneur means someone who â€Å"undertakes†, for example someone who undertakes a significant project or activity. It later came to be used to identify individuals who accelerated economic progress by finding new and better ways of doing things. The French economist most associated with giving the name is Jean Baptiste Say who was quoted saying â€Å"The entrepreneur shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and greater yield†. Entrepreneurs create value (Dees, J Gregory, 1998). The sources of entrepreneurship are studied by researchers in a wide range of disciplines, the study varies per discipline. For example, an economist would look at mainly socio economic variables, whereas psychologists would look at the personality traits of the entrepreneurs to see which ones were more integral to that of an entrepreneur (Fritsch, Michael, and Alina Rusakova, 2010). The Big Five model of personality provides a framework for analysing the relationship between personality traits and the tendency to become an entrepreneur. The five dimensions of this personality model are: Extraversion, Emotional Stability, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience (Barrick, Murray R, and Michael K Mount, 1991). Zhao and Seibert (2006) investigated the personality characteristics of business founders in comparison to dependently employed managers. They found that self employed individuals are different from managers on the dimensions of openness to experience, consci entiousness, neuroticism, and agreeableness (Zhao, Hao, and Scott E Seibert, 2006). Schmitt-Rodermund states that early entrepreneurial interest is related to elevated levels of openness to experience, extraversion, and conscientiousness (Schmitt-Rodermund, Eva, 2004). Although these relationships show a correlation between single personality traits and entrepreneurship, the effect of personality characteristics for entrepreneurship is still not entirely clear (Rauch, Andreas, and Michael Frese 2007). A main motivation for entrepreneurship is the need for freedom. Stepping into self employment means becoming your own boss and a need for autonomy as a non financial value becomes an important part of the entrepreneurs career choice, despite a potential decrease in income (Fritsch, Michael, and Alina Rusakova, 2010). The Croson and Minniti (2011) model shows that newly self employed individuals are willing to accept a lower income in exchange for the psychological benefits that come with self employment (Croson, David C, and Maria Minniti 2012). This is similar to self determination theory in that autonomy leads to well being and explains why autonomy in the workplace might be a compensator for higher incomes in a position that involves less freedom (Deci, Edward, and Richard M Ryan, 2008). Entrepreneurial opportunities can arise from from structural gaps in the market or from business transformations, for example the genesis of an internet company. The entrepreneurial opportunity itself, consists of a business idea and its potential. The business idea is then formed into a business plan which is the foundation for creating a company and exploiting the gap in the marketplace (Volkmann, Christine K, Kim Oliver Tokarski, and Marc Grà ¼nhagen 2010). The term â€Å"opportunity† seems to be a central part of many definitions of entrepreneurship. It relates to Say’s notion of shifting resources to a higher area. An opportunity, therefore, means an opportunity to create value in some way. Entrepreneurs have a mind-set that sees the possibilities rather than the problems created by change such as technological advances. The entrepreneur always looks for change, responds to it, and exploits it as an opportunity (Dees, J Gregory 1998). However, Peter Drucker, a management consultant, educator, and author, says that â€Å"not every small business is entrepreneurial or represents entrepreneurship†. An example of this would be a â€Å"husband and wife who open a delicatessen or a mexican restaurant in the american suburb†. There is nothing specifically innovative or change oriented in this (Drucker, Peter Ferdinand 1995). He also claims that entrepreneurship does not require a profit motive. Further backing up the Crosson and Minniti (2010) model. With social entrepreneurs, the social mission is central and mission related impact becomes the central criterion, not the creation of wealth. For social entrepreneurs the money is not important, it is the actual outcome of their work that they strive for. However, with business entrepreneurs, the income of money is a way of measuring the creation of value. Business entrepreneurs are subject to market discipline. If they do not shift resources to become more economically functional then they tend to be driven out of business (Dees, J Gregory 1998). The challenges involved in starting a new venture, as well as the characteristic uncertainty and the lack of resources and stability that have led some researchers to view survival as the focused dimension of success (Van de Den 1984), are authentic in the social field. Furthermore, given the difficulty of measuring the performance of firms they use multiple measures of performance. The criteria of success of social ventures are determined as follows: 1. The level to which the venture achieves its set goals, 2. the ability of the venture to ensure continuity and sustainability by acquiring resources necessary to maintain the objectives, and 3. the level of resources that are available to maintain the ventures growth and expansion (Sharir, Moshe, and Miri Lerner, 2006). A large field study was carried out between 1999 and 2001 on the process of initiating and establishing social ventures (Sharir, Moshe, and Miri Lerner, 2006). Of the social ventures, it was deduced into fifteen variables that determined their success. These include: Previous experience this involved checking the history of the entrepreneur for previous expertise in the venture area. Total dedication The time that was invested in the development by the entrepreneur, the investment of the entrepreneur’s private resources. Support from family and friends this was measured by the amount of involvement that was made by the friends and family of the entrepreneur. Acceptance of the idea of the venture in the public’s eyes the public’s awareness of the issue. The primary social network examined the activities that were involved in assisting the venture to acquire needed capital and support in the establishment stage. Support from public sector agencies yes or no. Funding received from foundations support received by foundations for three or more years. Support received from another non profit organisation whether it acquired capital, received support, or was integrated within an older organisation. The amount of budget at the establishment stage fifty thousand dollars was acquired at the establishment stage. Composition of the staff at the establishment stage The number of staff members and their jobs as salaried or part time, and also the distribution of workload between them. Governing board performance the involvement of board members in planning, decision making, personal financial investment, and expanding the social network. The planned expansion and stabilisation of the venture’s social network the actions taken by the entrepreneur in this way. Preliminary planning the preparation of a business plan or detailed planning involving environmental aspects, staffing and budgeting. Long term cooperation with another organisati on cooperation with another organisation for at least three years. Market test of the venture’s service charging fees for receipt of selected services or obtaining long term contracts from public agencies. Eight of the fifteen variables were found to contribute to the success of the social venture (Sharir, Moshe, and Miri Lerner, 2006). Business mortality rates suggest that discontinuous rates of start ups can be as high as seventy percent in the first five years, although this depends on the specific industry in question. Within a new venture, the main problem arises due to a lack of organisational structure and a lack of a specific set of roles, tasks, and capabilities. Therefore the founders of the company must use what little resources they have to address the issues involved. Thus taking up management time. Moreover, the inclusion of structure and teachings of new roles, tasks, and capabilities within the company can cause inefficiency and may lead to worry, and conflict among the members. However, there is one way in which new ventures have an advantage over older businesses. They are able to form a business plan without being restricted because of the decisions that have been made in the companies’ past. They are also not liable to aging. Older ventures suffer from processes such as routinisation and s tandardisation which makes them reluctant to transform their company in the face of change (Gruber, Marc, and Joachim Henkel 2006). There are three stages that can be applied to the growth of a company once the initial start up procedure has finished. These are: early development, (rapid) development, and sustained growth. In the early development stage, the entrepreneur must strengthen the structures laid out at the foundation stage. They must also aim confidently at successful market establishment. Within this stage the growth of the company is determined by the strategies and implementation of those strategies into business operations. During the rapid development stage, the main strengths and strategic advantages of the business must be capitalised on and created. Frequent changes to structures such as communication, leadership, information, and communication are also required for rapid growth. New resources might need to be acquired or existing ones, redistributed to account for the new demands. In order for a company to achieve sustained growth, it must be planned using growth strategies established by the founders of the company (Volkmann, Christine K, Kim Oliver Tokarski, and Marc Grà ¼nhagen 2010). To summarise, SME’s are still a major part of the economy and they are constantly expanding. Entrepreneurs are the people responsible for the stable growth of SME’s and their innovative minds will ensure that technology advances. Psychologists believe that entrepreneurs have different personality traits than normal people which helps them to strive more and become more confident when setting out to achieve their goals. There are two different types of entrepreneur, the social entrepreneurs and the business entrepreneurs. The social entrepreneurs seek pleasure in getting their idea known to the world whereas business entrepreneurs always look for ways to gain wealth. Due to the entrepreneurs ability to seek out gaps in the market, the world will become a more comfortable place to live in with innovations that will make lives easier. Entrepreneurs do not enjoy the restrictions of a workplace and this leads them to becoming their own boss, however, they must face the chall enges that entails with starting up a business. Such as the resources, organisational structure, and growth. References Lu, Jane W, and Paul W Beamish. The internationalization and performance of SMEs. Strategic management journal 22.6à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 7 (2001): 565-586. Department of Business Innovations and Skills. â€Å"Business Population Estimates for the UK and Regions.† 2013. Fritsch, Michael, and Alina Rusakova. Personality traits, self-employment, and professions. 2010. Croson, David C, and Maria Minniti. Slipping the surly bonds: The value of autonomy in self-employment. Journal of Economic Psychology 33.2 (2012): 355-365. Barrick, Murray R, and Michael K Mount. The big five personality dimensions and job performance: a metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ analysis. Personnel psychology 44.1 (1991): 1-26. Zhao, Hao, and Scott E Seibert. The big five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: a meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology 91.2 (2006): 259. Schmitt-Rodermund, Eva. Pathways to successful entrepreneurship: Parenting, personality, early entrepreneurial competence, and interests. Journal of Vocational Behavior 65.3 (2004): 498-518. Rauch, Andreas, and Michael Frese. Born to Be an Entrepreneur? Revisiting the Personality Approach to Entrepreneurship. (2007). Deci, Edward, and Richard M Ryan. Self-determination theory. Handbook of theories of social psychology (2008): 416. Dees, J Gregory. The meaning of social entrepreneurship. Comments and suggestions contributed from the Social Entrepreneurship Funders Working Group, 6pp (1998). Drucker, Peter Ferdinand. People and performance: The best of Peter Drucker on management. Routledge, 1995. Sharir, Moshe, and Miri Lerner. Gauging the success of social ventures initiated by individual social entrepreneurs. Journal of world business 41.1 (2006): 6-20. Gruber, Marc, and Joachim Henkel. New ventures based on open innovation–an empirical analysis of start-up firms in embedded Linux. International Journal of Technology Management 33.4 (2006): 356-372. Volkmann, Christine K, Kim Oliver Tokarski, and Marc Grà ¼nhagen. Entrepreneurship in a european perspective: concepts for the creation and growth of new ventures. Springer, 2010.

Essay on Control in Song of Solomon -- Song Solomon essays

Fight for Control in Song of Solomon       The idea of complete independence and indifference to the surrounding world, symbolized by flying, stands as a prominent concept throughout Toni Morrison's novel Song of Solomon. However, the main character Milkman feels that this freedom lies beyond his reach; he cannot escape the demands of his family and feel fulfilled at the same time. As Milkman's best friend Guitar says through the novel, "Everybody wants a black man's life," a statement Milkman easily relates to while seeking escape from his sheltered life at home. Although none of the characters in the story successfully take control of Milkman's life and future, many make aggressive attempts to do so including his best friend Guitar who, ironically, sympathizes with Milkman's situation, his frustrated cousin Hagar, and most markedly his father, Macon Dead.    Guitar Bains, Milkman's best friend since childhood, serves as Milkman's only outlet to life outside his secluded and reserved family. Guitar introduces Milkman to Pilate, Reba, and Hagar, as well as to normal townspeople such as those that meet in the barber shop, and the weekend party-goers Milkman and Guitar fraternize with regularly. However, despite their close friendship, the opportunity to gain a large amount of gold severs all their friendly ties. Guitar, suspecting Milkman took all the gold for himself, allows his greed and anger to dictate his actions and sets out on a manhunt, ready to take Milkman down wherever and whenever he could in order to retrieve the hoarded riches. Guitar's first few sniper attempts to execute Milkman did fail; however, the ending of the novel leaves the reader with the imminent death of either Milkman or Guitar. Ironic that t... ... lives of the Dead family members; Milkman, unable to live any longer in an environment composed of animosity, drives him to leave his home and search for "his people." Serendipitously, although no single individual gains control of either Milkman's living or dead life, Milkman's need to escape from his collective family and surroundings unwittingly captures him and the life he so fervently aims to keep from the control of others.    Works Cited: Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: Penguin Books, 1987. Schultz, Elizabeth. "African and Afro-American Roots in Contemporary Afro-American Literature: The Difficult Search for Family Origins." Studies in American Fiction 8.2 (1980): 126-145. Story, Ralph. "An Excursion into the Black World: The 'Seven Days' in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon." Black American Literature Forum 23.1 (1989): 149-158.

African American and Their Rights Essay

Since slavery, African Americans have gone through a lot to reach their current state. In the early 20th century, African Americans faced discrimination, isolation, and were segregated according to their skin color. It started when Europeans brought the first Africans to America, and continued throughout the Civil War. The American government made some changes in policies. A variety of leaders shaped the successful struggle toward black equality in America (Bowles, 2011). Ever since slavery begun, African Americans have been determined to end segregation, discrimination, and isolation. Activists such as, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, and others, joined together to put an end to segregation, discrimination, and isolation to attain civil rights and equality. Slavery had changed dramatically in the late 1600s. About this time the slave trade to American colonies also began increasing to meet the demand for cheap labor. Traders sold slaves to the Northern colonies, but English and other European immigrants satisfied the demand for labor there (Echerd, 2009). Slaves in America came from western and central Africa. African tribes sometimes enslaved those defeated in intertribal wars and sold their captives to European slave traders. The tribes raided villages to obtain slaves to trade for European goods. Slave traders had even offered the Africans guns and other goods for the slaves. Slaves lived a rough, hard life. Cheap labor was a huge part of their lives. They had to work from sunrise to sunset. The work consisted of clearing land, tended to fields of tobacco, rice, and vegetables. They also performed many other tasks that had helped make plantations almost completely self-sufficient. No slaves saw any money for their tasks that they had performed, but they did receive food, clothing, and shelter. The slaves had resided in small one-room huts, which had no windows and the floors were all dirt. Most slaves accepted their living condition, however, they knew no other way of life (Koehler, 2009). However, white Southerners regained control of state governments in the South during the late 1870s, however, and reversed most of the previous gains made by former slaves. For example: segregation. What is segregation? According to Webster’s Dictionary, to segregate is defined as to separate or set apart from others; isolate or to require, often with force, the separation of a specific racial, religious, or other group from the body of society. Segregation has been a part of our American heritage, almost from the moment slaves arrived on the shores of the New World (Bowles, 2011). In 17th century Virginia, the theocratic government feared that racial mixing between freed and enslaved blacks and white indentured servants would become a means to usurp government power. They passed laws in which the color line was clearly defined in any criminal punishments. By treating whites and blacks separately and unequally, these Virginian leaders set up a system of white supremacy that would become an essential component of American slavery. Separation and segregation was the order of the day, with African Americans being forced to ride in separate railroad cars, have their own hotels and courthouses, and even get water out of their own drinking fountains. Their children could not attend the same schools with the White children. To further push the color-line, they then added in segregation with the Jim Crow Laws. This is mainly because the Whites were considered to be superior, and hence were thought to deserve better schools with better facilities. African Americans on the other hand were considered inferior, and hence their children attended low-quality schools that lacked adequate facilities (Sitkoff & Franklin, 2008). The Northern States, which had grew and prospered during the war, believed the former slaves to be equal as any other person. The Southern States, still angry over the loss of the war and their firm belief in White superiority, took a different approach. They created and enforced what were known as the Black Codes. These were legislations passed in Southern states to control labor, migration and other activities of the freed slaves. Black Codes allowed legal marriage, property ownership and limited access to the court systems. It prohibited them from testifying against whites, serving on juries or militias, voting and publicly expressing any form of legal concerns ( www. history. com). Any former slave that did not sign yearly labor contract with the plantation owners could be arrested and hired out. The Black codes in short allowed for the continued and legal discrimination against the former slaves (www. history. com). Congress quickly responded to these laws in 1866 and seized the initiative in remaking the south. Republicans wanted to ensure that with the remaking the south, freed blacks were made viable members of society. But the strong southern legislatures finally gave in; in 1868 they repealed most of the laws that discriminated against blacks. Things were starting to look up. But by 1877 Democratic parties regained their power of the south and ended reconstruction. In 1882, southern states passed Jim Crow laws that enforced strict segregation between blacks and whites and limited African-American civil rights. This was devastating to the blacks. After all the strides they made were reversed. From holding political offices, the right to vote, and participating as equal members of society was changed. The south gradually reinstated the racially discriminatory laws. The two main goals they wanted these laws to achieve: disenfranchisement and segregation. To take away the power that the blacks had gained, the Democratic Party began to stop Blacks from voting. There were many ways to stop blacks from voting. Some of these things were poll tax, which were fees were charged at voting booths and were expensive for most blacks, and the literacy test. Since teaching blacks were illegal, most adult blacks were former slaves and illiterate. And the other goal, segregation, causes the democrats to create laws that segregated the schools and public facilities. The Northern States, which had grew and prospered during the war, believed the former slaves to be equal as any other person. The Southern States, still angry over the loss of the war and their firm belief in White superiority, took a different approach. They created and enforced what were known as the Black Codes. These were legislations passed in Southern states to control labor, migration and other activities of the freed slaves. Black Codes allowed legal marriage, property ownership and limited access to the court systems. It prohibited them from testifying against whites, serving on juries or militias, voting and publicly expressing any form of legal concerns. Any former slave that did not sign yearly labor contract with the plantation owners could be arrested and hired out. The Black codes in short allowed for the continued and legal discrimination against the former slaves. Just like some African Americans activists fought this segregation, some Whites had some groups of their own to carry the segregation on and on. The Ku Klux Klan was one of them. The Ku Klux Klan, Knights of White Camellia, and other terrorists murdered thousands of blacks and some whites to prevent them from voting and participating in public life. The KKK was founded in 1865 to 1866. They directed their violence towards black landowners, politicians, and community leaders. They also did this to people who supported Republicans or racial equalities (Anti-Defamation League, 2012). After the abolishment of slavery in the U. S. the KKK formed. They hated blacks and would commit crimes against them. Murders, hangings, and lynches are just some of the crimes against the blacks (www. kkk. bz, n. d. ). The Ku Klux Klan claims to be just defending their people like other races do. What is a lynching? Lynching is a form of punishment with no legal permission. Most times lynching occurred against African Americans by hanging them. This was very popular during the Gilded Age after the American Civil War when African Americans were freed from slavery. Many White men would use lynching against Black men for being in a mixed relationship with a White woman. However, because lynching had no legal basis, it was thought to have been a tool that was used against freed slaves that had achieved financial stability and authority in order to remain a White-dominated nation. Lynching was most likely performed by White Supremacy groups like the KKK. Lynching was done by hanging or shooting, or both. However, many were of a more hideous nature. Burning at the stake, maiming, dismemberment, castration, and other brutal methods of physical torture are all part of a lynching. Lynching therefore was a cruel combination of racism and sadism, which was utilized primarily to sustain the caste system in the South. Many white people believed that Negroes could only be controlled by fear. To them, lynching was seen as the most effective means of control. Defending your people is one thing, but to torture another human being is inhuman. The KKK has several stories out there today on how they treated the blacks, whether they did anything wrong or not. For instance, a Louisiana woman is in critical condition after she was set on fire, resulting in burns on roughly 60 percent of her body, and her car appears to have had racial slurs written on it at the time of her attack (Mach, n. d. ). They had even gone as far as church bombings. The KKK launched a bomb into a church during a Sunday service, which left four innocent teenage girls dead. The men responsible hid behind the cloak of secrecy, intimidation and the white robes of the oldest terrorist organization in the world, the Ku Klux Klan (Gado, n. d. ). Therefore, until the Civil Rights Act of 1964, racial discrimination is an issue that was not seriously tackled. The act was a successful result of most wide-ranging civil rights legislation and Civil Rights Movements for close to a century (Finkelman, 2009). The act declared discrimination on the basis of color, race, ethnicity, religion, and many other aspects as unconstitutional. During the critical years from 1954 to 1963, a variety of leaders with different backgrounds, such as lawyers from the NAACP, women sitting on buses, ministers from southern black churches, militants from black power organizations, and youth from colleges had shaped the successful struggle toward black equality in America (Bowles, 2011). In 1896, the Supreme Court’s Plessy v. Ferguson decision established that â€Å"separate but equal† facilities for whites and blacks were allowable under the U. S. Constitution. Local governmental officials could designate separate public facilities like drinking fountains, restrooms, and schools. Even courthouses often had separate Bibles according to the defendant’s race. The problem was that separate usually meant unequal, and segregation subverted the freedom of every African American (Sundquist, 1993). Now, it is time for the African- Americans to fight back. The incident that made them want to make a difference was the Rosa Park bus ride. After a long day of work on December 1, 1955, Parks, feet hurt, looked forward to sitting on the bus for her ride home. At the time, there was a city ordinance stating that African Americans had to give up their seats on a train or bus if a white man asked for them. When a white man approached Parks and told her that he wanted her seat, she simply said no. Although she acted as a private citizen, her response was as an informed, committed member of the NAACP movement. The bus driver had asked Parks to move. When she did not, the bus driver said, â€Å"Look, woman, I told you I wanted the seat. Are you going to stand up? † When Parks again said no, the driver threatened, â€Å"If you don’t stand up, I’m going to have you arrested. † She gave no reply but at the next stop, Rosa was arrested (Garrow, 2004). A pastor known as Martin Luther King Jr., organized a boycott, the Montgomery bus boycott. King Jr. took this to a higher level and maintained and organized the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), which coordinated similar bus boycotts in other cities. Shortly after the boycott, King had found a bomb on his porch. King went to Birmingham, Alabama, where he continued his nonviolent protests and marches. However, the police authorized force to disband King’s followers by using electric cattle prods, tear gas, and fire hoses (Bowles, 2011). King was arrested with the others, but upon his release from jail he went to Washington, D. C., where he and demonstrators met at the National Mall and addressed them with his famous â€Å"We Shall Overcome† speech on August 23, 1963. King’s words at the capital that day were a defining moment of the Civil Rights movement. Other demonstrations and civil disobedience campaigns sought to increase African-American voter registration and win better jobs. Malcolm X actively promoted the Black Muslim cause. Even after speaking about non-violence and wanting peace, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated. The civil rights movement dramatically increased participation of African- American voters in both the South and the North today. By the mid-70s some 4000 African-Americans have been elected to political office at all levels of government. Qualified African-Americans now have a wider range of opportunities than ever before. Whether you are White or African-American, each group has faced its own peculiar challenges on its approach to democracy (Rappaport, 2001). This racism is wrong and unconstitutional. The 13th Amendment is ratified, abolishing slavery, which some people still went against it. The 14th Amendment granted citizenship to the former slaves and forbade states from denying any person life, liberty, or property without due process of the law. The 14th Amendment also guaranteed equal protection of the law for all citizens. The 15th Amendment barred states from denying citizens the right to vote based on race, color, or previous servitude (Hertz, 2009). In a perfect world, everyone would be equal. The color of one’s skin, religious beliefs or sexual preference would mean nothing. We would accept everyone for whom and what they are. We would rejoice in the differences between each other instead of belittling, hating and discriminating against those differences. We don’t however live in a perfect world. We live in a world filled with distrust and hate. If we don’t know or understand it in our society, then it is wrong. It will be discriminated against in one form or another. We as a country have made major strides in overcoming racism, however we still have far to go. In conclusion, African Americans faced isolation, discrimination, and segregation during the post-construction period. Racial discrimination was also prevalent in the military where back soldiers were considered inferior to white soldiers and hence poorly trained and equipped. The issue of racial discrimination, isolation and segregation was not seriously tackled until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was enacted. Civil rights activists such as Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. organized the famous 1963 protest in Washington that eventually forced President John Kennedy to pass the Act. It is therefore, clear that the journey to end isolation, discrimination, and segregation to attain equality and civil rights has been hard but worthwhile. ? References Bowles, M. (2011). American History 1865- Present End of Isolation. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint. Retrieved at: https://content. ashford. edu/books/AUHIS204. 11. 2 Finkelman, P. (2009) Encyclopedia of African American history, 1896-present, Madison Avenue, New York: Oxford University Press Rappaport, D. (2001). Martin’s Big Words: The Life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Sitkoff, H. , & Franklin, J. (2008) The Struggle for Black equality. Hill and Wang Publication http://www. adl. org/learn/ext_us/kkk/default. asp? LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_America&xpicked=4&item=kkk http://www. history. com/topics/black-codes Civil Rights Act of 1964 http://www. ourdocuments. gov/doc. php? doc=97&page=transcript.